Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Adolescent Development > Exam 1 > Flashcards

Exam 1 Flashcards

(98 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

A rapid increase in physical growth and development occurring during puberty

A

Adolescent growth spurt

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

The maturation of the adrenal glands, contributing to the development of secondary sexual characteristics

A

Adrenarche

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Male sex hormones, such as testosterone, responsible for the development of male reproductive organs and secondary sex characteristics

A

Androgens

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

An eating disorder characterized by extreme weight loss due to self-imposed starvation

A

Anorexia Nervosa

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

The rate at which the body expends energy while at rest

A

Basal metabolism rate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

An eating disorder characterized by recurrent episodes of consuming large amounts of food, often quickly and to the point of discomfort

A

Binge eating disorder

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

A measure of body fat based on height and weight

A

Body mass index (BMI)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

An eating disorder characterized by recurrent episodes of overeating followed by compensatory behaviors such as vomiting or excessive exercise

A

Bulimia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

A hormone associated with stress response and regulation of metabolism

A

Cortisol

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

A research method comparing different groups at the same point in time to understand age-related differences

A

Cross-sectional study

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

The tendency for adolescents to feel more energetic in the evening, leading to delayed sleep patterns

A

Delayed phase preference

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Unhealthy eating attitudes and behaviors that may not meet the criteria for clinical eating disorders

A

Disordered eating

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

The system of glands that produce and release hormones regulating various bodily functions

A

Endocrine system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

The closing of the ends of long bones, completing the growth process

A

Epiphysis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Female sex hormones responsible for the development of female reproductive organs and secondary sex characteristics

A

Estrogens

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

A regulatory mechanism in the endocrine system where hormone levels signal the release or inhibition of further hormone production

A

Feedback loop

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Organs that produce and release hormones into the bloodstream

A

Glands

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Neurons that play a key role in the initiation of puberty by signaling the release of gonadotropins

A

Gonadotropin-releasing hormone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Chemical messengers produced by glands that regulate various physiological processes in the body

A

Hormones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

A region in the brain that regulates hormonal activities through the release of neurotransmitters

A

Hypothalamus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

A brain chemical that stimulates the release of gonadotropin-releasing hormones, initiating puberty

A

Kisspeptin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

A hormone influencing hunger and metabolism, signaling the brain about the body’s fat stores

A

Leptin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

A research method tracking the same individuals over an extended period to observe changes over time

A

Longitudinal study

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

A hormone regulating sleep-wake cycles, influenced by exposure to light and darkness

A

Melatonin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
The first occurrence of menstruation in females
Menarche
26
Female reproductive organs producing eggs and hormones
Ovaries
27
Chemical substances released by an individual to influence the behavior or physiology of others
Pheromones
28
A gland that produces and releases hormones, influencing other endocrine glands
Pituitary gland
29
The adaptability of the brain to change in response to experiences
Plasticity
30
Physical features that distinguish males and females but are not directly involved in reproduction
Secondary sex characteristics
31
The historical trend of earlier onset of puberty over the generations
Secular trend
32
The body’s natural tendency to maintain a stable internal environment
Set point
33
A scale measuring the development of secondary sex characteristics during puberty
Tanner stages
34
Male reproductive organs producing sperm and hormones
Testes
35
The transitional stage of physical and psychological development between childhood and adulthood
Adolescent
36
The adaptability or malleability of the adult brain to change in response to experiences and learning
Adult plasticity
37
Memory related to personally experienced events and information
Autobiographical memory
38
A theoretical perspective that analyzes decision-making processes, including the identification of alternatives, consequences evaluation, and the assessment of likelihood
Behavioral decision therapy
39
The operation and activities of the brain, including sensory processing, memory, and cognitive functions
Brain function
40
The physical arrangement and organization of different regions in the brain
Brain structure
41
A perspective that emphasizes qualitative changes in cognitive abilities during development
Cognitive-developmental view
42
Piaget’s stage of cognitive development where children can think logically about concrete events but have difficulty understanding abstract or hypothetical concepts
Concrete operations
43
The adaptability or flexibility of the developing brain to experiences and environmental influences
Developmental plasticity
44
An imaging technique that measures the diffusion of water molecules in the brain, providing information about the white matter tracts
Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI)
45
The ability to focus on multiple stimuli or tasks simultaneously
Divided attention
46
A neurotransmitter associated with reward reward and pleasure, influencing motivation and reinforcement
Dopamine
47
Cognitive processes involved in goal-directed behavior, including planning, working memory, and response inhibition
Executive function
48
Piaget’s stage of cognitive development characterized by abstract and systematic thinking
Formal operations
49
The coordinated activity and communication between different brain regions
Functional connectivity
50
And imaging technique that measures brain activity by detecting changes in blood flow
Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI)
51
An aspect of adolescent egocentrism where individuals believe that others are constantly observing and judging them
Imaginary audience
52
A theoretical framework that examines how individuals acquire, store, and use information (IPP)
Information processing perspective
53
A group of brain structures involved in emotions, motivation, and memory
Limbic system
54
The storage of information for an extended period
Long-term memory
55
The ability to understand and attribute mental states to oneself and others
Mentalizing
56
Thinking about one’s own thinking processes and strategies
Metacognition
57
The process of forming a myelin sheath around nerve fibers, enhancing signal transmission in the brain
Myelination
58
Cells in the nervous system responsible for transmitting information
Neurons
59
Chemical substances that transmit signals between neurons
Neurotransmitters
60
A belief in adolescence that one’s experiences and feelings are unique and not experienced by others
Personal fable
61
The adaptability and flexibility of the brain to change in response to experiences
Plasticity
62
Engaging in activities that offer potential benefits and personal growth
Positive risk-taking
63
The front part of the brain responsible for executive functions, decision-making, and social behavior
Prefrontal cortex
64
Piaget’s stage of cognitive development characterized by egocentrism and lack of logical thinking
Preoperational period
65
The tendency for individuals to recall more memories from adolescence and early adulthood
Reminiscence bump
66
The ability to suppress inappropriate or impulsive responses
Response inhibition
67
Support provided by others to facilitate learning and problem solving
Scaffolding
68
Focusing on specific stimuli while ignoring others
Selective attention
69
The desire for novel and stimulating experiences
Sensation seeking
70
Piaget's stage of cognitive development focused on sensory experiences and motor skills
Sensorimotor period
71
A neurotransmitter associated with mood regulation and emotional well-being
Serotonin
72
Cognitive processes related to understanding social interactions, relationships, and institutions
Social cognition
73
Norms and rules governing social behavior
Social conventions
74
The junction between two neurons where signals are transmitted
Synapse
75
The elimination of unnecessary synapses, refining neural connections
Synaptic pruning
76
The ability to understand that others have different beliefs, intentions, and knowledge
Theory of mind
77
The temporary storage and manipulation of information needed for cognitive tasks
Working memory
78
Vygotsky's concept referring to the difference between what a learner can do independently and with guidance
Zone of proximal development
79
The legal age at which individuals are recognized as adults and gain certain rights and responsibilities
Age of majority
80
A significant increase in the birth rate, often referring to the post-World War 2 period when there was a substantial increase in birth rates
Baby boom
81
A jewish initiation ceremony marking the age of 13 for boys and 12 for girls, symbolizing the assumption of religious responsibilities
Bar/Bat Mitzvah
82
Advocates for protecting children from labor exploitation and hazardous working conditions, leading to the removal of adolescents from the labor force and increased emphasis on formal education
Child protectionists
83
A group of individuals sharing a common characteristic or experience, often born in the same time period
Cohort
84
The extent to which neighbors trust one another, share common values, and rely on each other to monitor youth activities
Collective efficacy
85
Gradual and ongoing changes in status or roles, typical in more traditional societies where adolescents assume adult roles bit by bit
Continuous transitions
86
The legal system responsible for maintaining social order and handling criminal offenses
Criminal justice system
87
Abrupt changes in status or roles, characteristic of contemporary societies where adolescents are thrust into adulthood suddenly with little prior preparation
Discontinuous transitions
88
A ritual or ceremony marking the transition from adolescence to adulthood, often involving symbolic or real separation from parents
Initiation ceremony
89
Theorists who argue that adolescence is more of a social invention than a biological or cognitive phenomenon, emphasizing societal definitions and treatment
Inventionists
90
A legal system designed to handle adolescents involved in criminal offenses, separate from the adult criminal justice system
Juvenile justice system
91
A traditional Latin American celebration marking a girl's 15th birthday, symbolizing her transition to womanhood
Quinceanera
92
The intentional creation of scars on the body, often practiced in some initiation ceremonies to signify the transition to adulthood
Scarification
93
The process of changing an individual's social roles and status, particularly during adolescence
Social redefinition
94
Behaviors considered offenses only because of an individual's status as a minor, such as curfew violations or truancy
Status offense
95
Sexual activity between an adult and minor, where the minor is considered unable to provide legal consent
Statutory rape
96
An individual's perception of their social standing or rank compared to others
Subjective social status
97
A person between the ages of 13 and 19, experiencing adolescence
Teenager
98
Generally referring to individuals between the ages of 12 and 24, though the term may vary in usage
Youth

Adolescent Development (1 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions