Exam 1

Question 1

Schema

Answer 1

cognitive structure that helps process, identify, organize, and store information

Question 2

Assimilation

Answer 2

Cognitive process where new stimulus is fitted into an existing schema

Question 3

Accommodation

Answer 3

new schema doesn’t fit into old schemas

Question 4

Equilibrium

Answer 4

cognitive process to maintain balance between new and old schemas

Question 5

Piaget’s Theory of Cognitive Development

Answer 5

A way to organize new information

Question 6

Infant’s communication

Answer 6

Cry
Gaze
Social Smile
Vocal behavior

Question 7

Dietic

Answer 7

gain/ maintain interaction
First to emerge in preverbal gesture skills

Question 8

How many gestures at 16 months

Answer 8

16 gestures
2 gestures per month after 8 months

Question 9

Preverbal skills

Answer 9

gestures
imitation
vocalizations
following simple directions
appropriate play
joint/ task attention
turn taking
responds/ initiates interactions

Question 10

What are we looking for with infant facial expressions?

Answer 10

requests for objects and actions

Question 11

Structuralism

Answer 11

Mechanisms underlying observable data

Question 12

Functionalism

Answer 12

predictive/ situational variables/ relationships between environments

Question 13

nativism/ empiricism

Answer 13

emphasis on the child/ environment in the process of language acquisition

Question 14

Theories of Language Development - Behavioral

Answer 14

focus on observable/ measurable aspects without denying existence of internal mechanisms.

Question 15

Theories of Language Development - Linguistic

Answer 15

Language has structure/ grammar/ order
favors competence over performance

Question 16

Chomsky Linguistic Theory

Answer 16

Believed we were born with a language center

Question 17

Piaget’s Cognitive approach Theory

Answer 17

emphasized internal structures as the ultimate determinant of behavior; structures emerge as interactions occur

Question 18

Theory of Language Development - Social Interactionist

Answer 18

Nonlinguistic aspects of interaction influence the mastery of language

Question 19

Nativist Theories

Answer 19

Language structure
Rules exist across languages

Question 20

constructional theories

Answer 20

Language use
Language universals do NOT exist; meet social needs
Behaviors influence child directed speech

Question 21

Roger Brown 1973 Language definition

Answer 21

true language is marked by productivity, has semanticity, and offers the possibility of displacement

Question 22

Broca’s area

Answer 22

language production
Ex. comprehension but difficulty pronouncing/ producing words, uses small words

Question 23

Wernicke’s area

Answer 23

Language comprehension
Ex. jargon-like words w/ fluent speech

Question 24

Arcuate Fasciculus

Answer 24

Band of subcortical fibers connecting Wernicke and Broca areas

Question 25

Conduction Aphasia

Answer 25

damage to the arcuate fasciculus causing an inability to repeat word production

Question 26

Language areas of the brian

Answer 26

regions of the temporal lobe corpus callosum inferior parietal lobe cerebellum

Question 27

Types of communication

Answer 27

oral written digital visual nonverbal gestures

Question 28

Most communication is through...

Answer 28

body language

Question 29

Language

Answer 29

socially shared code where ideas about the world are expressed through a conventional system of arbitrary signals and rules governed combinations of the symbols for communicaiton

Question 30

speech

Answer 30

verbal output, sounds, communicating/ conveying meaning

Question 31

referent

Answer 31

concept as you see/ experience it Ex. Ocean

Question 32

Concept

Answer 32

includes past experiences; common elements Ex. cool breeze, sound of waves, beach, sailboat, umbrellas, etc.

Question 33

What is the biggest way to show/ increase word knowledge

Answer 33

Vocabulary

Question 34

True/ false Receptive language is a weakness in comparison to expressive language

Answer 34

False Receptive language is a STRENGTH in comparison to expressive language

Question 35

Phonology

Answer 35

study of speech sound - 44 sounds

Question 36

Morphology

Answer 36

Study of how to use meaningful units of language Ex. She jumped, possession, description, 'ing', 'ed'

Question 37

Syntax

Answer 37

Sentence structure, grammar, conjunction, order Ex. in the box

Question 38

Semantics

Answer 38

Vocabulary Ex. Antonyms, synonyms, idioms, word usage

Question 39

Pragmatics

Answer 39

Rules of conversation Ex. Relevant responses, turn taking

Question 40

What type of Language doe autistic people have difficulties with?

Answer 40

pragmatics

Question 41

What are the 3 components of language?

Answer 41

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