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Psych 110 > Exam 1 > Flashcards

Exam 1 Flashcards

1
Q

The ____ lobe is the lobe of the brain in which the motor area is located

A

Frontal

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2
Q

The rule that neurons are either on or off is known as the __-or-__ law

A

all-or-none

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3
Q

The central nervous system is composed of the _____ and the ______, the peripheral nervous system comprises the somatic and ____ nervous systems

A

Brain, Spinal cord, autonomic

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4
Q

Men outnumber women in the psychology field. True or False

A

False. Women outnumber men

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5
Q

The _____ gland is the major component of the endocrine system that is a tiny gland found near and regulated by the hypothalamus in the brain

A

Pituitary

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6
Q

The ___ theory of hearing suggests that the entire basilar membrane acts as a microphone, vibrating as a whole in response to a sound

A

Frequency

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7
Q

____ neuropsychology focuses on the origin of psychological disorders in biological factors

A

Clinical

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8
Q

The ____ theory of hearing states that different areas of the basilar membrane respond to different frequencies

A

Place

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9
Q

___ neurons are specialized neurons that fire not only when a person enacts a particular behavior, but also when a person simply observes another individual carrying out the same behavior

A

Mirror

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10
Q

A ____ sheath is a protective coat of fat and protein that wraps around the axon

A

Myelin

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11
Q

The ___ perspective of psychology emphasizes that observable, external behavior, which can be objectively measured should be the focus of study

A

Behavioral

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12
Q

An ____ threshold can be defined as the smallest intensity of a stimulus that must be present for it to be detected

A

Absolute

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13
Q

___ study is an in-depth, intensive investigation of an individual or small group of people

A

Case

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14
Q

Identify problem, formulate explanation, carry out research, and communicate ___ are the correct steps in the scientific method

A

Findings

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15
Q

___ assignments to condition is the procedure where participants are assigned to different experimental groups on the basis of chance and chance alone

A

Random

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16
Q

The structures of the ___ system jointly control a variety of basic functions relating to emotions and self-preservation such as eating, aggression, and reproduction

A

limbic

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17
Q

The participants must sign a document affirming that they have been told about the basic outlines of the study and are aware of what their participation will involve refers the the ethical principle of ____ consent

A

Informed

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18
Q

The nervous system is divided into the central and the ____ nervous systems

A

Peripheral

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19
Q

The basic elements of the nervous system are called ____

A

Neurons

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20
Q

____ laws of organization is series of principles that describe how we organize bits and pieces of info into meaningful wholes

A

Gestalt

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21
Q

Research in which existing data, such as cenus documents, college records, and newspaper clippings, are examined to test a hypothesis is known as ____ research

A

Archival

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22
Q

A ____ is the space between two neurons where the axon of sending neuron communicates with the dendrites of a receiving neuron by using chemical changes

A

synapse

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23
Q

The activation of the sense organs by a source of physical energy is known as ___

A

sensation

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24
Q

____ psychology examines how people grow and change from conception through death

A

Developmental

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25
Q

____ psychology focuses on higher mental processes, including thinking, memory, reasoning, problem solving, judging, decision making, and language

A

Cognitive

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26
Q

The smallest level of added or reduced stimulation required to sense that a change in stimulation has occurred is known as ___ threshold

A

Difference

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27
Q

A systematic inquiry aimed at the discovery of new knowledge defines the term ___

A

research

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28
Q

_____ is an adjustment in sensory capacity after prolonged exposure to unchanging stimuli

A

Adaptation

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29
Q

____ is defined as behaviors, events, or other characteristics that can change or vary in some way

A

Variables

30
Q

____ are broad explanations and predictions concerning phenomena of interest

A

theories

31
Q

The _____ theory of color vision states that there are three kinds of cones in the retina, each of which responds primarily to specific range of wavelengths

A

Trichromatic

32
Q

According to the opponent process theory of color vision, ___ cells are linked in pairs, working in opposition to each other

A

Receptor

33
Q

Statistically meaningful results that make it possible for researchers to feel confident that they have confirmed their hypotheses is known as a ____ outcome

A

Significant

34
Q

The emphasis of the _____ perspective is on free will

A

Humanistic

35
Q

_____ was led by the psychologist William James

A

Functionalism

36
Q

____ psychology focuses on the consistency in people’s behaviors over time and the traits that differentiate one person from another

A

Personality

37
Q

The ____ is the part of the brain that is located in the middle of the central core and act’s primarily to relay info about the senses

A

Thalamus

38
Q

Sigmund Freud is associated with the ___ perspective

A

Psychodynamic

39
Q

The _____ coefficient ranges from +1.0 to -1.0

A

Correlation

40
Q

_____ observation is behavior is investigated in the environment in which it typically occurs, without intervention by the researcher

A

Naturalistic

41
Q

____ research are people chosen to represent a larger population are asked a series of questions about their behavior, thoughts, and attitudes

A

Survey

42
Q

____ is the investigation of the relationship between 2 (or more) variables by deliberately producing a change in one variable in a situation and observing effects on the second variable

A

Experiment

43
Q

Difference between Experimental and Control group

A

E- group that receives treatment
C- receives no treatment

44
Q

____ variables is the variable that is manipulated by the experimenter

A

Independent

45
Q

_____ is a procedure that permits psychologists to combine the results of many separate studies into one overall conclusion

A

Meta-analysis

46
Q

A cluster of fibers at one end of a neuron that receive messages from other neurons

A

Dendrite

47
Q

Carries messages received by the dendrites to other neurons

A

Axon

48
Q

The part of the axon that sends messages to other neurons

A

Terminal Buttons

49
Q

____ state is a state before a neuron is triggered, in which there is a negative electrical charge of about -70 millivolts within the neuron

A

Resting

50
Q

____ are chemicals that carry messages across the synapse to the dendrite of a receiving neuron

A

Neurotransmitters

51
Q

Difference between Excitatory and Inhibitory Message

A

E- chemical message that makes it MORE LIKELY that a receiving neuron will fire
I- Chemical message that prevents or DECREASES the likelihood that a receiving neuron will fire

52
Q

Difference between Somatic and Autonomic

A

S- controls of VOLUNTARY movements and communicating info to and from sense organs
A- controls of INVOLUNTARY movements of heart, glands, lungs, and other

53
Q

Difference between Sympathetic and Parasympathetic divison

A

S- prepares body for action in stressful situations
P- Acts to calm body down after emergency has ended

54
Q

_____ psychology seeks to identify behavior patterns that are a result of our genetic inheritance from our ancestors

A

Evolutionary

55
Q

____ System is a chemical communication network that sends messages through out the body via the BLOODSTREAM

A

Endocrine

56
Q

EEG

A

records electrical activity in the brain with electrodes places on the outside of the skull

57
Q

fMRI

A

provides detailed, 3D images of brain structures and activities by aiming a powerful magnetic field at the brain

58
Q

PET

A

Show biochemical activity within the brain at a given moment

59
Q

TMS

A

Electrical activity in a TINY region of the brain is interrupted by bombarding it with strong magnetic field

60
Q

What do each of these control:
Medulla
Pons
Cerebellum

A
  1. breathing and heartbeat
  2. integrating movement between the right and left halves of the body
  3. Balance
61
Q

Name all 4 lobes of the brain and their functions

A

Frontal- intelligence, personality, emotions, judgement, etc
Parietal- spatial location, motor control, senses( pain, touch, and temp)
Temporal- Hearing, language, processing, memory
Occipital- Vision

62
Q

____ the brains ability to change throughout a life span through addition of new neurons

A

Neuroplasticity

63
Q

Difference between left and right hemisphere of the brain.

A

Left- processes info sequentially, in verbal areas
Right- processes info globally, nonverbal areas

64
Q

A basic LAW of psychophysics stating that a noticeable difference is a constant proportion to intensity of an initial stimulus

A

Weber’s Law

65
Q

_____ refers to the process by which the lens changes its thickness to focus light

A

Accommodation

66
Q

The _____-_____ theory is receptor cells for color are linked in pairs, working in opposition to each other

A

Opponent-process

67
Q

____ is the spread between the peaks and valleys of air pressure in a sound wave, which helps distinguish loud and soft sounds

A

Amplitude

68
Q

What is the human sense of smell called

A

Olfaction

69
Q

____ movement is the perception that a stationary object is moving

A

Apparent

70
Q

Physical stimuli that consistently produce errors in perception

A

Visual Illusions

71
Q

___ triggers a thread of associations that bring us to a concept (like a spider knows where it’s food is on the web)

A

Priming

Psych 110 (3 decks)

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