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Exercise Physiology 2/ exam 2 kin > Exam 1 > Flashcards

Exam 1 Flashcards

(73 cards)

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1
Q

Body comp( percent body fat) vs BMI

A

Body Comp: Chemical Model, Anatomical Model, Two Compartment Model

BMI: Body Weight in Kilograms/Height in m^2
Does not account for body composition

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2
Q

Obesity and Physcial Activity

A

Obesity continues to increase

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3
Q

What happened to weight during BRFSS? Throughout the years 2011-2020

A

Individuals becoming more heavy set/ obese thoughout the years

Racial ethinicity differed in weight in these graphs

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4
Q

What are health disparities?

A

preventable differences in the burden of disease injury violence

difference enviorments bring different things

All age groups have health disparities

Kahoot question

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5
Q

RMR - Resting Metabolic rate

A

Bodies metabolic rate throughout day

most adults lie between 60-75%

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6
Q

TEM - Thermal Effect of Meals Check with Linds

A

High Protein Diets

Energy expended to digest and store nutrients

10% of total energy expenditure

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7
Q

TEA - Thermal Effect of Activity

A

Walking to Class

Energy expended to accomplish activities

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8
Q

TDEE - Total Daily Energy Expenditure Check with Linds

A

Will mostly be best way to calculate

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9
Q

Obesity - Etiology Physiological and Lifestyle Factors

A

Physiological - Genetics, Hormonal Imbalance

Lifestyle Factors - Habits, Physical Activity, Diet

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10
Q

Good Cholesteral

A

HDL

Small Dense LDL is okay too

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11
Q

Where are mens fat distribution and womens fat?

A

Obesity men - upper body ANDROID (apple shape)
ANDROID is higher risk for cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and elevated blood lipids

Obesity women - Lower Body GYNOID (Pear Shape)

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12
Q

Adults with higher weight……

A

are at risk for covid-19 and many other sicknesses

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13
Q

Do obese individuals have higher or lower opoid receptors?

Dopamine receptors

WHAT ABOUT NORMAL WEIGHT

A

Opoid- down lower

Dopamine - same

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14
Q

Fitness vs Fatness

Individuals need to do what no matter what body weight they are at

A

Having engagement in exercise

Fitness status is biggest contributor to all cause mortality

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15
Q

Calorie Balance when trying to lose vs gain weight

A

lose - calorie deficit

gain - calorie surplus

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16
Q

Which of these nuclear or mitochondrial dna have more protective tissue?

A

Nuclear

Mitchondrial DNA less protective mechanisms

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17
Q

D257A Mice

A

Mitochondrial DNA damage given to them

Lead to far less healthy lives - aged prematurely

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18
Q

How to protect mitochondrial dna?

A

sleep , nutrition, health

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19
Q

Brown Fat

A

Metablolicaly active fat tissue because of mitchondrial density and capillary density

around spinal cord and brain

Helps produce energy and heat

Has more mitochondria and capillaries that why it is more metabolically active tissue which leads to increase metabolic rate

People that live in colder places will have more brown fat to keep them warm

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20
Q

Type 1 vs Type 2 Diabetes

A
  1. Autoimmune,

Less common,

body destroys pancreatic cells B - Cells (1 in 20) (Administer itself)

  1. Beta cells less respnonsive

Impaired insulin secretion (most likely to take medication to help body metaforman)

Short Term 72 hour effect with exercise changig on our blood glucose

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21
Q

Prediabetes

A

impaired fasting glucose

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22
Q

SIgns of type 1 diabetes

A

Thirst
Weight Loss
Extreme Hunger
Fatigue

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23
Q

SIgns of type 2 diabetes

A

Any type 1 symptom
Vision Changes
Infections
amputation in foot when severe

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24
Q

How to Maintain type 1 and type 2 diabetes

A

Type 1 - Insulin Administration
Diet
Exercise

Type 2 - Weight loss
Diet
Exercise
Metaformin DRUG

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25
Exercise enhances.....
inuslin sensativity muscle contraction mimics insulin action
26
Obesity increases risk of.....
diabetes and cardiovascular diabetes
27
Exercise Effects of type 2 diabetes....
28
Which of these will play a role in 72 hours with blood glucose control
Exercise and physical activity
29
GLUT4
Receptor on outside of muscle cell that allows glucose in cell Do not always need insulin to be paired with glucose
30
contraction mediated glucose uptake
I will help bring glucose into the cell without insulin
31
HBA1C Test
Glucose control of the last three months
32
A1C Test
Test Long term blood pressure control Below 5.7% good, Above 6.4% diabetes
33
Fasting Blood Sugar Test
Glucose in the current moment
34
Glucose Tolerance Test -3 month
Super Gatorade Sugary Drink - over a couple of hours GRAPH LOOK AT IT
35
Number 1 killer in U.S.
Cardiovascular Disease
36
1 in 3 americans have....
hypertension (pie graph)
37
Cardiovascular disease is the umbrella term for
Coronary Heart Disease Hypertension Stroke Heart Failure Other
38
Coronary Heart Disease accounts for.....
Half of cardiovascular Deaths, which then leads to myocardial infarction (narrowing of coronary arteries, fatty plaque formation, Atheroscelrosis, Blood supply to myocardium)
39
Atheroscelerosis
Begins early in life Fatty streaks appear in coronary arteries, combination of genetics and lifestyle
40
American Heart Association Guidelines for Hypertension
Normal: Less than 120/80 mmHg Elevated: Systolic between 120-129 and Diastolic less than 80mmHg If diastolic is elevated above 80 then they are elevated at risk Hypretensive Crisis: Systolic over 180 mmHg and or diastolic over 120mmHg
41
Atheroscorolsis and high blood pressure are high for heart failure some ways to reduce risk
diet excercise sleep
42
Atheroscelorosis
Progressive narrowing of the blood vessels  Hardened Arteries
43
Controlling Factors vs Uncontralable for risk of hypertension or heart disease
Controlling: Weight Diet Tobacco Stress Physical Inactivity Uncontrollable: Family History Age Sex Race
44
C Reactive Protein CRP
Measure whole body inflammation
45
Coronary artery Calcium CAC
Scan of heart (calcium in arteries)
46
Ankle Brachial Index ABI
Blood pressure of ankle and arm (hopefully the same 120/120)
47
VLDL Cholesteral
Bad
48
LDL Cholesteral (Low Density)
Bad
49
HDL Cholesterol (High Density)
Good, too much increase risk of cancer
50
Food Cholesterol does not translate to
bad cholesterol Food Cholesterol =/ Blood Cholesterol
51
Plaque consist of
Smooth Muscle, inflammatory Cells Fibrous Cap (Thick and Thin) Thin caps = more unstable = easier rupture Rupture WILL LEAD TO Thrombus Formation
52
Hypertension leads to
Poorly Understood Condition Leads to Kidney Disease Adrenal Tumors Congenital Defect of Aorta
53
________ refers to the differences or inequalities that occur in the provision and access to healthcare.
Health Disparities
54
RMR accounts for around ____ % of total daily energy expenditure.
60%
55
The term ______ accounts for body size.
BMI
56
The term _____ accounts for body composition
Body Fat %
57
Which receptors tend to be less abundant in the brains of obese individuals?
Opiod
58
_____ is considered a major risk factor for serious COVID-19 complications in people
Obesity
59
The D257A mouse has an impaired ability to edit/repair_____.
Mitochondrial DNA
60
What does RMR stand for?
Resting Metabolic Rate
61
High levels of ______ fat are associated with increased RMR.
Brown
62
It is possible for the muscle cell to bring in glucose without the presence of insulin.
True
63
This map of the United States looks at occurrence of CVD and Deaths, what does this
Obesity Map(s) from the BRFSS
64
What pathology is the number 1 killer within the United States?
Cardiovascular Disease
65
What is a Myocardial Infarction
Heart Attack
66
Guy's recent blood pressure readings have been 118/92 - what classification would he be in?
Hypertension Stage 2
67
Is hypertension more prevelant in some racial/ethnic groups?
True
68
Higher Exercise Intensity….
Greater risk reduction
69
Natural GLP-1 Agonist PPT
Yerba mate Berberine Reservatrol Cinnamon Curcumin
70
Normal Pressure = MAP = DBP +1/3 Pulse Pressure
71
Coronary Heart Disease Endotheulial Injury
High Blood LDL Smoke Hypertension Infections Increase in plack build up
72
Reducing Hpypertension risk through physical activity
Decreasing body fat Decrease in blood glue close levels Decreasing insulin
73
Reducing coronary heart disease risk through physical activity
Lower blood pressure Lower LDL Higher HDL cholesterol Lower total cholesterol relative to HDL Decrees information Increase endothelial function Increase insulin sensitivity

Exercise Physiology 2/ exam 2 kin (2 decks)

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