Exam 1 Flashcards by Jimena Proaño

Where are the primary pace makers cells are located?

SA node

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What structure allow action potential to be conducted from one myocyte to another?

B. Intercalated disc

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How many times is ventricular contraction triggered by one electrical impulse generated in SA node normally?

Once

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Excitation can be defined as

The generation of action potentials

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Oxygenated blood leaves the heart via the —— Valve

Aortic

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What about bradycardia

Slow heart rate (<60 bpm)

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Which one of the following statements about the first heart sound is false?

The first heart sound is longer than the second heart sound

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Define contractility

The ability to contract especially by muscle fibers and even some other forms of living matter

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No blood can enter the ventricles until the atria contract

False

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Specialized fibers called-receiver is the signal from the bundle of his and cause ventricular contraction

Purkinje fibers

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Which part of the blood vessel system primarily as a blood reservoir

Veins

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Which blood vessel are called “resistance vessels”? What about “exchange vessels?

Arteries are the resistance vessels and the capillaries are the exchange vessels

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Review the flow of blood to and away from the heart.

The pulmonary veins deliver O2 blood from the lungs to the heart

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Review the three layers of the heart, as well as the pericardium. What is the function of the pericardium?

The three layers of the heart are endocardium, myocardium, and epicardium. Pericardium has a function of protecting the heart.

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Explain why the wall of the left ventricle is thicker than the wall of the right ventricles.

The left ventricle is thicker bc it needs to pump blood for all the body parts and has to work a lot more.

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Which of the following is not a feature of the SA node?

SA node has stable resting potential

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The average resting cardiac cycle takes about 0.8 sec, including—-

0.3 sec for ventricular systole and 0.5 sec for ventricular diastole.

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QRS complex correspond to——

Depolarization of ventricles

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The amount of blood ejected by one ventricle in one heartbeat is called—

The stroke volume

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If the heart rate is 70 beat/min and the stroke volume is 80ml, how much is the cardiac output?

70bpm X 80 ml= 5600ml

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Cardiac myocytes get nutrient directly from—-

The blood in the coronary circulation

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Which vessel type allows the exchange of nutrients/waste products between the blood and tissue cells?

Capillaries

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Which vessel type primarily serve as a blood reservoir?

Veins

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Which one of the following shows the general route of the blood from and back to the heart?

Heart >arteries>arterioles> capillaries> venules> veins> heart

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Smooth muscle is present in— of blood vessels.

Tunica media

Which of the following statements is not true?

Blood pressure is the inside blood vessels

A women's blood pressure is 120/75 mmHg. What would her mean arterial pressure be? Her pulse pressure?

MAP= DSP=1/3 PP PP=SBP-DSP =(120)-(75) =45mm Hg

The mechanism of capillary exchange include---

Diffusion, transcytosis, Filtration snd reabsorption

Filtration is the process of---

net fluid movement from plasma to tissue fluid

Which organ has the highest priority of receiving blood supply?

Brain

Being exposed to low external environmental temperature, arterioles under skin--

constrict to reduce the loss of heat

What are the three basic tissue layers that surround the vessels?

tunica Interna, tunica media, tunica externa

which disorder is often called "the silent killer"

High blood pressure

capillaries usually reabsorb about---- percent of the fluid they filter

Which of the following is too big to penetrate capillary wall in most tissues

Protein

Reabsorption is the process of

Net fluid movement from interstitium to plasma

The accumulation of excess fluid in tissue is called

edema

Which capillaries is the most permeable?

sinusoid

Which type is most common? least common?

Continous and sinusoid

which type has fenestrations (pores)?

Fenestrated

which type would you find in lymph tissues and in the spleen?

sinusoid

Pressure is creates at the - end of capillary beds

Arteriole

List two possible causes of edema

Lymphatic obstruction and hypoproteimens

A decrease in plasma protein content will result in

An increase in reabsorption

venous blood flow is assisted by

Gravity, respiratory pump, skeletal muscle pump

which type pressure forces fluid OUT of the capillaries and into the interstitial fluid (ISF)?

Hydrostatic Pressure

Understand the difference between systolic and diastolic blood pressure

systolic is the pressure of the arteries when the heart beats, Diastolic is the pressure of the arteries between heart beats.

Which of the following is a normal components of the blood?

neurons, water, proteins, glucose

The blood has all of the following properties

pH- 7.35, 280-295 mOsm, 38 degrees celsius

About what percent of body weight is the blood

what percent of total blood can a healthy adult donate each time without adverse effects?

10%

what are the following are fxn of the blood?

Transport of nutrients and protection

what percent of the blood is plasma?

-55%

One red blood cells contains approximately- hemoglobin molecules.

250 million

A hemaglobing molecules that is 100% saturated with oxygen is carrying- oxygen molecules?

Which of the following cell type is the most abundant among all formed elements?

Erythrocytes

ABO blood type is determined by specific glycoproteins (agglutinogens) which are located on

Plasma membrane of erythrocytes

Type AB blood contains

A agglutinogens

What happen when a type AB is transfused into the blood stream of a type B person?

agglutination of the donor's erythrocytes

In the adults, the blood cells are generated primarily in

Red bone marrow

Erythrorcytes normally circulate in blood stream for an average of

4 months

Which organ is especially involved in breaking up old erythrocytes

spleen

the primary fxn of leukocytes is to

Kill pathogens such as bacteria

which of the hormones stimulates production of red blood cells

erythropoietin

Patient, who lost two kidneys and survive on dialysis, most likely has a

Low erythrocytes count

Under which condition more erythrocytes are produced?

Hemorrhaging

In response to inflammation, leukocyte count can increase cot 3-4 folds of its normal value of

4,000-11,000/ U

Leukocytes never leave the blood stream

False

which of the following steps is not involves in the attack of bacteria which invade in a tissue outside blood vessels?

agglutination

which if the following is bit a property of erythrocytes?

spherical shape

which if the following is not a property if erythrocytes?

Spherical shape

which of the following nutrients except- are especially needed for production of hemoglobin

vitamin D