Exam 1

Question 1

what is the biochemistry

Answer 1

Chemistry of the living cell

Question 2

The study of life at the molecular level which uses chemistry, biology and physics laws to explain processes
of living cells.

Answer 2

biochemistry

Question 3

discuss the chemical structures and 3D arrangements of molecules

Answer 3

Structural and Functional Biochemistry

Question 4

storage and transfer of
information

Answer 4

Informational Biochemistry

Question 5

The movement of energy in living organisms
and methods of transferring

Answer 5

Bioenergetics

Question 6

The simplest living organisms are

Answer 6

unicellular (single-
celled)

Question 7

Larger organisms are ___, with
different functions for different cells

Answer 7

multicellular (many-celled)

Question 8

contains one or several long, circular DNA molecules.

Answer 8

Nucleoid

Question 9

___provide points of adhesion to surface of other cell

Answer 9

pili

Question 10

propel cell through its surrounding

Answer 10

flagella

Question 11

cell envolope

Answer 11

structures differ

Question 12

Have membrane-bound nucleus, have membrane-enclosed organelles

Answer 12

Eukaryote Cells

Question 13

are protein synthesizing machines

Answer 13

ribosomes

Question 14

supports cell aids in movement of organelles.

Answer 14

cytoskeleton

Question 15

degrades intracellular debris

Answer 15

lysosome

Question 16

complex processes, package, and targets proteins to other organelles or for export.

Answer 16

golgi

Question 17

site of lipid synthesis and drug metabolism

Answer 17

smooth endoplasmic recticulum

Question 18

contains the genes (chromatin)

Answer 18

nucleus

Question 19

sites of ribosomal RNA synthesis

Answer 19

nucleolus

Question 20

site for protein synthesis

Answer 20

Rough endoplasmic reticulum

Question 21

oxidizes fuels to produce ATP

Answer 21

mitochondrion

Question 22

separates chromatin (DNA + protein) from cytoplasms

Answer 22

nuclear envelope

Question 23

separates cell from the environment, regulates movement of materials into and out of the cell.

Answer 23

plasma membrane

Question 24

harvests sunlight, produce ATP and carbohydrates

Answer 24

chloroplast

Question 25

temporarily stores carbohydrates products if photosynthesis

Answer 25

starch granule

Question 26

are sites of light driven ATP synthesis

Answer 26

Thylakiods

Question 27

provides shape and rigidity, protects cell from osmotic swelling

Answer 27

cell wall

Question 28

degrades and recycles macro-molecules, stores metabolites

Answer 28

plasmodesma

Question 29

degrades and recycles macro-molecules, stores metabolites

Answer 29

vacuole

Question 30

contains enzymes of the glyoxylate cycle

Answer 30

glyoxysomes

Question 31

the most common component found in the cell

Answer 31

membrane nucleus and nucleolus mitochondria rough and smooth ER Ribosomes Golgi cytoskeleton

Question 32

animal cell

Answer 32

lysosome peroxisomes

Question 32

chloroplast vacuole glyoxysome plasmodesma cell

Answer 32

plant cell

Question 33

animal and plant cells are

Answer 33

Eukaryotic cells

Question 34

bacteria and archaea are

Answer 34

prokaryotic organism

Question 35

have a true nucleus, which contains the genetic material (DNA) enclosed within a nuclear membrane.

Answer 35

Eukaryotic cells

Question 36

lack a true nucleus. Their genetic material (DNA) is present in a single circular chromosome, typically located in the nucleoid region, which is not enclosed by a membrane.

Answer 36

Prokaryotic cells

Question 37

is a highly viscous solution where many reactions take place.

Answer 37

Cytoplasm

Question 38

consists of microtubules, actin filaments, and intermediate filaments. * cellular shape and division * intracellular organization * intracellular transport paths * cellular mobility

Answer 38

Cytoskeleton

Question 39

Distinguishing functional groups in a biomolecule

Answer 39

hydroxyl (-OH) Carbonyl (C=O) Amino (_-NH2) Carboxyl (COOH) Phosphate (-PO4) Sulfhydryl (_SH) Methyl (_CH3)

Question 40

Types of biomolecules

Answer 40

Carbohydrates Lipids Proteins Nucleic Acids

Question 41

Used as building blocks for proteins

Answer 41

Amino acid

Question 42

5 in total - Used as building blocks for DNA and RNA precursors

Answer 42

Nucleotides

Question 43

commonly known as fats - organic compounds that are not very water soluble - used as sources of cellular energy - components of cell membranes

Answer 43

lipids

Question 44

e.g. glucose, fructose, sucrose - mainly used as sources of cellular energy

Answer 44

Carbohydrates

Question 45

macromolecule of lipids

Answer 45

Triglycerides Phospholipids Steroids

Question 46

macromolecule of protein

Answer 46

protein and polypeptide

Question 47

Types of isomers

Answer 47

Stereoisomers Geometric isomers (cis vs. trans Enantiomers (mirror images Diastereomers

Question 48

Stereoisomers

Answer 48

have different physical properties

Question 49

have different physical and chemical properties

Answer 49

Geometric isomers

Question 50

have identical physical properties (except with regard to polarized light) and react identically with achiral reagents

Answer 50

enantiomers

Question 51

have different physical and chemical properties

Answer 51

diastereomers

Question 52

Water is a ____ solvent for charged and polar substances. amino acids and peptides – small alcohols – carbohydrates

Answer 52

good

Question 53

Water is a____ solvent for nonpolar substances. nonpolar gases – aromatic moieties – aliphatic chains

Answer 53

poor

Question 54

are strongest when the bonded molecules allow for linear bonding patterns

Answer 54

Hydrogen bonds

Question 55

Interactions occur between molecules are

Answer 55

Ionic (Coulombic) interactions Hydrophobic Effect Hydrogen bond Dipole dipole Van de waal

Question 56

electrostatic interactions between permanently charged species, or between the ion and a permanent dipole

Answer 56

Ionic (Coulombic) interactions

Question 57

electrostatic interactions between uncharged but polar molecules

Answer 57

Dipole interactions

Question 58

weak interactions between all atoms, regardless of polarity – attractive (dispersion) and repulsive (steric) component

Answer 58

van der Waals interactions

Question 59

complex phenomenon associated with the ordering of water molecules around nonpolar substances

Answer 59

Hydrophobic Effect

Question 60

Is one of the main factors behindprotein folding – protein-protein association – formation of lipid micelles – binding of steroid hormones to their receptors

Answer 60

The Hydrophobic Effect

Question 61

non polar moieties aggregate in water to

Answer 61

reduce the surface area exposed to water and minimize their disruptive effect

Question 62

Nonpolar portions of the amphipathic molecule aggregate so that____ and entropy increases

Answer 62

fewer water molecules are ordered

Question 63

Acid

Answer 63

release proton in water(proton donor)

Question 64

Base

Answer 64

Accepts proton in water (proton acceptor)

Question 65

Water can act as an acid and a base =

Answer 65

amphiprotic

Question 66

are Mixtures of Weak Acids and Their Anions (Conjugate Base

Answer 66

buffers

Question 67

Buffering capacity of acid/anion system is greatest at

Answer 67

pH = pKa

Question 68

have more than ONE acidic proton

Answer 68

Polyprotic acids

Question 69

maintenance of intracellular pH is vital to all cells

Answer 69

Biological buffers

Question 70

Types biological buffer systems

Answer 70

Protein buffer system Carbonic acid–bicarbonate buffer system Phosphate buffer system

Question 71

help regulate pH in extra cellular fluid (ECF) and intracellular fluids (ICF) – interact extensively with other buffer systems

Answer 71

Protein buffer system

Question 72

most important in ECF

Answer 72

Carbonic acid–bicarbonate buffer system

Question 73

buffers pH of ICF and urine

Answer 73

Phosphate buffer system

Question 74

Blood pH becomes acidic / high [H+]

Answer 74

Acidosis

Question 75

Blood pH becomes basic/ [H+] goes DOWN

Answer 75

Alkalosis