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sociology 101 > Exam #1 > Flashcards

Exam #1 Flashcards

(85 cards)

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1
Q

what is the sociological perspective?

A

the ability to connect basic aspects to bigger ideas and stuff

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2
Q

what is sociology?

A

the study of human socitey

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3
Q

what does C. Wright Mills notes about the sociological imagination.

A

“the individual can understand his own experience and gauge his fate.”

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4
Q

what is a social problem?

A

something that negatively impacts socitey

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5
Q

what are examples of a social problem

A

poverty, social deviance

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6
Q

why do social problems persist

A

inqeuality

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7
Q

what is a theory

A

an idea or set of ideas that is intended to explain facts or events

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8
Q

in what ways do theories differ

A

their perspective

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9
Q

what is macro and micro sociology

A

macro sociology seeks to understand local context, while micro is generally concerned with social dynamics, across a society

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10
Q

why did sociology emerge?

A

social changes from the Industrial Revolution and urbanization

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11
Q

who is credited with being the founder of sociology

A

auguste comte

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12
Q

auguste comte divided the study of society into what categories?

A

social statics and social dynamics

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13
Q

what was Emile Durkheim interested in?

A

how society holds together

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14
Q

what are the four types of suicide?

A

egoistic suicide, altrusitic suicide, anomic suicide and fatalistic suicide

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15
Q

egoistic suicide

A

results from few ties with others and is motivated by lionleness

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16
Q

altrusitic suicide

A

occurs when a persons ties to the group are too strong

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17
Q

anomic suicide

A

occurs under conditions of low regulation. it is characterized by feelings of anomie where rapid changes make previous moral codes seem irrelevant

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18
Q

fatalistic suicide

A

occurs when people are overregulated. people feel trapped and immobilized

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19
Q

what are social facts

A

aspects of social life that shape our actions as individuals, such as the economy or influence of religion

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20
Q

what does Karl Marx Focus attention to

A

capitalism

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21
Q

what is means of production

A

it is the tools, resources, and organizations by which the society produces and distributes goods and services.

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22
Q

according to Marx, what two major classes are present within capitalism

A

bourgeoisie and proletariat

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23
Q

what is the proletariat

A

the working class, the 99%— being exploited

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24
Q

what is the bourgeoisie

A

the owners of production, the rich— the owner of means of production, the 1%

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25
how does Marx define capitalism
it is the economic system in which the bourgeoisie owns the means of production and the proletariat must sell its labor to the capitalist in order to survive
26
according to marx, what determines your social class
your relationship to the bourgeoisie or proletariat
27
what religious ideas did Max Weber study
the protestant ethic and the sprit of capitalism
28
what is the protestant ethic
the 16th and 17th century protestant belief that a state of grace or salvation is assured if people work diligently and life ascetically
29
other worldly orientation
directs peoples attention away from this world
30
inner worldly orientation
directs peoples attention toward this world
31
According to Weber, what is verstehen
the german word for understanding
32
what did Weber argue
that the protestant reformation laid the groundwork for capitalism
33
structural functionalism
that instituisons, norms, traditions all work together to make socitey stable
34
the Conflict Perspective
a beleif by karl marx that says the different groups have to compete for resources
35
symbolic Interactionism
how people attach meanings to their own and other people’s actions
36
what is culture
the values, beliefs, behavior, and material that together form people's way of life.
37
why is culture important?
orchestrates human action, serves as the basis of communication and see serves a social control function
38
what is culture made up of
everything but nature (humans-nature)
39
material culture
everything that is part of our constructed, physical enviroment, including technolgy
40
non material culture
values, beliefs, behaviors and social norms
41
how is culture transmitted?
by people introducing culture to new communities
42
what is a community?
a group of people with a common characteristic or interest living together within a larger society
43
types of community
rural and urban
44
what are norms?
norms are values that tell us how to behave
45
what is the primary method used to enforce folkways?
law enforcement
46
what are values?
moral beleifs
47
what do values provide us with?
equal opportunities
48
whats the relationship between values and norms?
values are moral beliefs while norms are how values are put into play
49
what are symbols
something that carries meaning to a culture
50
what is ethnocentrism
racism but with cultures
51
cultural relativism
realizing the differences in different cultures without judging
52
what is the difference between ethnocentrism and cultural relativism
ethnocentrism judges and cultural relativism doesnt
53
what is social structure?
social structures in sociology are the relationships or interactions between groups of different people in a society.
54
how is social structure observed?
by subculture
55
what are some examples of social structure?
interactions, language, norms, values
56
ascribed status
a status int which one is born; like if taylor and travis had a kid
57
achieved status
a status in which one enters; taylor earned her status in music
58
master status
one status within a set that stands out or overrides all others
59
role performance
the way individuals carry out their roles and responsibilities within a society or a specific social setting
60
what are the social expectations linked to status
anticipated behaviors, privileges, and responsibilities associated with a person's position in society
61
what are groups
individuals who interact with each other, share common interests, goals, or characteristics
62
what are aggregates
individuals who are in the same place at the same time but do not necessarily interact or share a common identity.
63
what are categories
share a common characteristic or trait
64
what are social groups
individuals who interact with one another, share common interests or characteristics, and form a sense of unity or identity.
65
What is the difference between aggregates, categories, social groups?
aggregates are in the same place, categories are just categorized and social have a sense of identity
66
what is social instiution?
different positions that work together to perform a social role
67
what is stratisfication
the heriarchal organization of a socitey into groups with different levels of power, social status.
68
how does marx define social class?
the relationship to the means of production within a capitalist society.
69
what is max webers definition of social class?
that. capitalism exist because of the protestant reformation
70
what does weber argue when studying social class?
weber said that the protestant refremation laid the groundwork for capitalism
71
poverty
a lack of everything..period
72
absolute poverty
like really poor. really. really poor. OR when a households income falls below the necessity to buy food to physically sustain family members
73
relative poverty
a measurement of poverty based on meidan income in a given location
74
who are the poor?
refers to individuals or groups who lack sufficient financial resources to meet their basic needs
75
whats the difference between relative poverty and absloute poverty?
realtive poverty depends where you live and what your income is while in absolute poverty you fell into that range
76
what is the face of poverty in America?
in the U.S, 42 million people live in poverty, and more than 42 million persons classified as living in poverty, most are children, disabled persons, and the elderly
77
what criteria are used in society to rank and classify individuals
caste and class
78
What is the difference between the caste and class system
the caste system is religious based while class system is economically based
79
how do systems of social stratification influence one’s life chances
if you're higher up on the heriarchy, you're more likely to getting beter advantages, better healthcare, education ect
80
What central values influence our perceptions of the poor
not having enough money to meet basic needs including food, clothing and shelter
81
what observations can you make about each of the central values in poverty?
that they don't work or they are unwilling to work
82
how early do protestants' ideas contribute to poverty values?
if you work hard, you'll get good things, and if you don't work hard you won't receive good things
83
feminization of poverty
when women experience higher poverty rates than men
84
what do sociologists say about explanations of poverty that focus on the individual
that their lazy and don't wanna work
85
how is social stratification explained by structural functionalists and conflict theorists
structural functionalists believe social stratification is seen as a necessary and conflict theorists believe Social stratification causes power struggles and conflicts between different social groups.

sociology 101 (3 decks)

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