Exam #1 Flashcards
(37 cards)
What is interpersonal communication?
Communication ‘between people’, and is always transactional.
What are the principles of interpersonal communication?
We cannot not communicate
Interpersonal communication is irreversible
Interpersonal communication involves ethical choices
People construct meanings
Metacommunication affects meaning
Interpersonal communication develops and sustains relationships
Interpersonal communication is not a panacea (cure all)
Interpersonal communication effectiveness can be learned
What is Schultz’s Theory of Interpersonal Needs?
We need affection (usually non-verbal when young), inclusion, and control. We experience them at different points in our lives: affection when young, inclusion around puberty, control over adulthood, inclusion in later life, and affection towards end of life.
What is the Communication Continuum?
Impersonal communication is I-It, they are in your orbit. I-You communication is transactional, and usually found in short interactions in business and restaurants. I-Thou communication is interpersonal communication, it is relationship shaping.
What was the Linear Model of communication?
The oldest model: the one way process in which one person acts on another. Information is transmitted from the source to its destination. This model lacks the distinction of 2 communicators as it values one sender only.
What is the Interactive Model of communication?
The second oldest model: 1 sender still sends their message, but now the receiver can give feedback. Communicators create and interpret messages within personal field of experiences, but can create issues of interpretation.
What is the Transactional Model of communication?
The modernized/widely accepted model: sees communication as an interaction between people. It emphasizes how communication is dynamic and people can take on many roles within the process of receiving and giving. This model includes a feature of time.
What are the 3 main types of Noise?
Physical: outside forces like the Muni
Physiological: bodily forces like hunger
Psychological: emotional forces like thoughts, feelings
What are the guidelines for communicating competently in interpersonal settings?
Develop a range of skills, adapt communication appropriately, engage in dual perspective, monitor your communication, and commit to effective and ethical communication.
What is the self?
A multidimensional process of internalizing and action from social perspectives. How we see ourselves depends on the culture in which we live. Our self can change during adolescence and adulthood, and arises in communication with others ( particular v. generalized others ).
What is a Particular Other?
Particular others are specific people who are significant to us, such as family and friends.
How do Particular Others influence our self-concept?
Direct definition: tells us how others see us by labeling our behaviors. Can be influential if positive and encourages growth mindset. Can be an upper vs. vulture mentality.
Reflected Appraisal: We will act in certain ways because we want people to see us in that light. We will act in the way we think we are supposed to. This contributes to fulfilling prophecies.
Identity Scripts: Not about who you are, but the collective you are apart of.
Attachment Styles: Patterns of caregiving that teach us who we are and others are, and how to approach relationships.
What are the different types of Attachment Styles?
Secure: around 70% of people. Trust others and trust yourself.
Fearful: Caregiver was unavailable or abusive, leaving the individual to feel unloveable. The most worrisome.
Dismissive: You don’t trust others, and don’t see them as worthy of your love. This happens if you weren’t given love from a young age, and if you were generally let down by others.
Anxious/Ambivalent: Positive view of others, negative view of yourself. Inconsistent nurturing, leaving the person confused if thet are deserving of care.
What is a Generalized Other?
The views generally held by others in society (general public and social media). Can set the expectations we have for ourselves. Include: race, gender, sexual orientation, socioeconomic class, age, and laws.
How do Generalized Others influence our self-concept?
As we interact with others, through media and institutions, and institutions that organize our society communication the views of the Generalized Other by the values we uphold/reinforce. For example, the Good/Bad doll, gender roles in commercials, gender roles in occupations.
What are the guidelines to improving self-concept?
Make a firm commitment to personal growth, gain and use knowledge to support personal growth, set goals that are realistic, seek contexts that support personal change.
What is Face?
A metaphor for the public image people display. Pervades all aspects of social life, and can be maintained, lost or strengthened.
When do face concerns become problematic?
Interpersonal situations when parties experience awkward or difficult communication.
What is a face threat?
Occurs whens a person’s desired identity in a particular interaction is challenged.
What is a positive face threat?
You want others to see you how you want to be seen, but others don’t see you that way.
What is a negative face threat?
You choose what you do when you want to, very independent.
What is Preventative Face work?
If the conversation is going in a bad direction, you might:
Hedge: I might be wrong but…
Credentialing: Noting your role: I am sister so…
Sin license: I normally wouldn’t go with this but..
Cognitive Disclaimer: I might be crazy…
Suspended Judgement: Don’t say anything until I finish but…
What is Corrective Face work?
After a transgression has occurred you (defensively) or your partner (protectively) might take efforts to repair face with:
Avoidance: the topic
Humor: Making jokes about it
Apologize: Say sorry
Make an account: justification or an excuse
Physical remediation: physically removing themself
What is the Mitigation Continuum?
Aggravation face threats have much bigger impact on relationships and can drastically them (cheating), while Mitigation face threats are still disruptive but can be corrective.
