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Anthropology > Exam 1 > Flashcards

Exam 1 Flashcards

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1
Q

when the author of your textbook, cultural anthropologist Ken Guest, traveled to the remote village of Fuzhou, China, some villagers laughed and said go back to New York! Most of our village is there already! what does this anecdote illustrate

A

Time-space compression

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2
Q

Through ethnographic fieldwork, anthropologists change not only the lives of those they are studying, but theri own lives as well. Identify ways that fieldwork can affect anthropologists

A

Ways it does : makes the familiar seem unfamiliar, makes the unfamiliar seem familiar
Not Ways it does: reinforces preconceived ideas about culture, creates ethnology

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3
Q

Anthropology’s cross-cultural and comparative approach involves comparing _________ across cultures to explore _____________, and the potential for human _____________

A

practices, similarities and differences, cultural expression

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4
Q

What is the global populatioin as of 2020

A

7.7 billion

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5
Q

what is the projected population for 2050

A

9.8 billion

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6
Q

An example of particiapant observation

A

working in and studying corporate offices
living with the Bemba people of Zambia

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7
Q

Not examples of particiapant observation

A

working in a non-government organization
studying human effect on the environment

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8
Q

the unequal distribution of the benefits of globalization

A

uneven development

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9
Q

strategies that corporations use to accrue profit

A

flexible accumulation

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10
Q

The effects that communication nd transportation technologies have on the way we thing about time and space

A

time-space compression

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11
Q

accelerated movement of people within and between countries

A

increasing migration

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12
Q

In describing Americans as the Nacirema, what was Horace Miner;s primary intent

A

to help American readers experience that tension between what is familiar and what is strange

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13
Q

Techniques used by cultural anthropologists

A

participant observation
ethnology

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14
Q

Techniques not used by cultural anthropologists

A

excavation
four-field approach

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15
Q

the theory approach that Ignores the dynamics of conflict, tension, and change within a society

A

structural functionalism

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16
Q

the theory approach that ignores power dynamics

A

interpretivist approach

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17
Q

the theory approach that is too general and racist

A

unilineal cultural evolution

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18
Q

Which of the following describes how anthropologists describe the primary way humans adapt to and manipulate their physical and social environments, in light of the human evolutionary past

A

Cultural adaptation has mostly replaced genetic adaptation

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19
Q

what is epigenetic

A

the study of how your behaviors and environment can cause changes that affect the way your genes work.

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20
Q

what are examples of mental map of reality

A

race and time

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21
Q

what are not examples of mental maps of reality

A

privacy and money

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22
Q

the ability or potential to brign about change thrugh action or influence, is often related to

A

power

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23
Q

the uneven distribution of resources and privileges in society

A

stratification

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24
Q

Emic

A

understanding a community in its own terms

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25
Etic
viewing a community as an outsider
26
Identify the force that anthropologists of finance suggest is behind the global expansion of capitalism in the twenty-first century.
circulation of capital
27
pastoralism
transhumance
28
agriculture
use of machinery
29
horticulture
slash-and-burn agriculture
30
what are the four fields of anthropology
Cultural Linguistic Archeology Physical/Biological
31
What do we look at in a Holistic Approach to humanity
pre/historical biological social language
32
Is Anthroplogy old?
no it is relatively new - (developed during colonization)
33
When did Anthropology become a discipline
around the 1800s
34
What is anthropology's sister
sociology
35
Anthropology approaches
intensive documentation of culture cross-cultural comparison exploration of power and agency in cultures global/local connections
36
what is culture
system of knowledge, beliefs, patterns of behavior, artifacts, and insitutions that are created, learned, shared, and contested by a group of people
37
Is culture shared? is it Contested?
yes and yes
38
Norms
ways of behaving that are considered appropriate establishes not only normativity but also non-normativity
39
Values
Core beliefs about goodness and standards of behavior - US culture and valueing freedom
40
Mental Maps of reality
How we categorize the world around us hwo we assign value to different categories=
41
Developing Culture
unilinear evolution historical particularism structural functionalism interpretivist
42
The developing culture Historical Particularism looks at
cultures understood within historical context historical context changes over timea nd shapes cultural development sees biological and cultural differences as adaptations to different external forces
43
The developing culture Structural Functionalism looks at
societies are coherent and integrated entities all parts of society serve a function and work in tandem with other parts of society living organisms make a balance ignores change and conflict
44
The developing culture Interpretivist looks at
culture as symbolic and meaningful conscious and unconscious behaviors and communicating meaning
45
power
ability or potential to bring change through action or influence physical force, legal social hegemony
46
personal power
pwer as an attribute of a person, emphasiing potency or capability
47
interpersonal power
power as the ability to impose on another in a social action adn interpersonal relations
48
organizational power
power that controls the setting in wich interaction may take place
49
Structural Power
Power that structures the overarching political economy shapes the social field of action so as to render some kinds of behavior possible, while making others less possible
50
Stratification
uneven distribution of power - priveleges and resources
51
hegemony
ability of a dominant group to foster consent and compliance without use of force
52
agency
power shapes our opportunities but within opportunities we have the ability to choose
53
Agency has these three things
resisting power hegemony acquiescing
54
nature vs nurture
to waht extent is our behavior a result of our biology/culture
55
Biological determinism/essentialism
concept that all human behavior is determined by genes, brain size, or other biological factors
56
Cartesian Dualism
seperation of mind/body seperation of nature/nurture
57
gut microbiome and mental functioning
what you eat impact how you think and how you behave
58
Epigenetics
How environmental factors affect gene expression that is inherited between generations
59
Developmental systems theory
idea that nature and nurture are not two fundamentally different types of processes
60
Global Web of interaction
how do you define purdue community who is included or excluded in this community where is the community located
61
time space interaction
the rate of which we can communicate with each other
62
Ethnography
intense interpersonal interaction over a long period of time
63
Primary methods of ethnography
participant observation and conversations
64
participant observations
spending extedned periods of time embedded in people's lives and actively participating in events (spectacualr and mundane) and systematically observing behavior
65
Conversations
casual and purposeful not the same as an interview attempt to create natural types of interactions
66
The best way to predict the future is to invent it
1971 alan kau
67
there is now anyone would want a computer in their home
1977 kan
68
what is alto
first graphical computer - 1973
69
Ethnography
the study of human behavior within a culture
70
Hidden Obvious
insights that are obvious only after you point them out
71
Mutual Transformation
also called the hawthorne effect the potential fot he process of research to alter the people/phenomenon being researched
72
Reflexicithe and postionality
role of the ethnographer and their social positioning influences the relationship between anthropologist and community influences the type of data collected
73
AAA code of ethics
established 1971 modified in years since institutionazl review board for research on human subjects
74
Ethics
do no harm informed consent anonymity
75
Anonymity
follow the wishes of the patient
76
what is economy
not an entity on its own detached form social and political process
77
modes of production
foraging pastoralism horticulture agriculture industrial agriculture
78
foraging
hunting, gathering, fishing, scavenging mobile lifestyle smaller populations egalitarian or ranked
79
Pastoralism
humans have a long history of domesticating animals ranges from mobile communities that tend to herd of various sizes to indeustrialized meat production
80
Horticulture
small scale cultivation of plants polycrop - produces wide variety of crops
81
Agriculture
egan about 10,000 years ago intensice farming that permantly alters the landscape monocrop - focus on planting more of fewer crops
82
Industrial agriculture
agriculture that involves mechanization and mass production agribusiness = corporate farming intensive alteration fo the landscape
83
migration
humans on the move
84
age of exploration
Europeans leave Europe en masse
85
globalization and migration
globalization has dramatically increased migration patterns
86
Major Trends
global south to global north rural to urban
87
Regional Migration
Artificial division of worl into geiographical regions
88
why do people move
economic reasons ecological reasons political reasons social reasons
89
push factor
factors that encourage people to leave a location
90
pull factors
factors that encourgae people to go to a location
91
Bridges and barriers
factors the inhibit or enable migration
92
cumulative causation
conditions over time that influence a culture of expectation about migration
93
temporality
seasonal migration?

Anthropology (1 decks)

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