Exam 1 Flashcards by Audrey Weinlader

primary muscle of respiration

diaphragm

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direction diaphragm moves for inhalation

down

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secondary muscles of respiration

intercostals, rectus abdominis, external oblique, internal oblique, tranversus abdominus

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longer phase: inhalation or exhalation

exhalation

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percentages between inhalation and exhalation

50/50

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percentages of inhalation and exhalation when speaking

10/90

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the volume of air inspired and expired when relaxed

tidal volume

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air the remains in the lungs after maximum exhalation

residual volume

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fraction of total lung capacity is left of the residual air

1/4

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amount of air that that can be inspired after maximum expiration

vital capacity

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only bone in the laryngeal area

hyoid

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largest cartilage in the layrnx

thyroid

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three layers of closure/folds

aryepiglottic, ventricular, true folds

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cartilages the true folds connect to

thyroid and arytenoids

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closed folds are

adducted

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open folds are

abducted

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pitch is aka

frequency

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average male speaking frequency

120 Hz

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average female speaking frequency

220 Hz

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loudness is aka

intensity

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needed to increase intensity

increased subglottic air pressure

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all laryngeal muscles innervate by the same nerve except

cricothyroid

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nerve that innervates the cricothyroid

superior laryngeal branch of vagus

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branch of vagus that runs under the aortic arch

recurrent laryngeal nerve

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parts of the resonating cavity

sinuses, oral cavity, pharynx

what closes to produce oral sounds

velopharyngeal wall

could obstruct the velopharyngeal area

enlarged adenoids or tonsils

total deciduous teeth

permanent teeth

normal occlusion

class 1

open bite

class one malocclusion

overbite

class two malocclusion

underbite

class three malocclusion

3 descriptive features for consonants

place, manner, voice

when adjacent phonemes influence each other

co articulation

organic speech disorders

result from underlying motor/neurological, structural, or sensory/perceptual causes

number of new disorders in a time period

incidence

speech disorders are more prevalent in boys than girls

true

speech production is not associated with at risk literary skills

false

how many speech sounds are there

two phonemes that have the same place and manner but not voice

cognates

blends

IDK

clusters

IDK

creator of new norms in 2018

McLoed

4 speech sound disorders

omissions/deletions, substitutions, additions, distortions

sound disorder impacts intelligibility the most

omissions

purpose of the oral mech

evaluates the structure and function of the speech mechanism to asses whether the system is adequate for speech production; includes assessment of dental occlusion and specific tooth deviations, structure of hard and soft palate

components of a speech sample

rate, fluency, phoneme errors, intelligibility, phoneme inventory, voice, volume

purpose of stimulibility

ability to produce sound, cueing when necessary, selecting a target

vertical strategy

targets one or two goals until mastery

cycles

targets based on time not mastery

approach targets in incremental linguistic levels of complexity

traditional vanriper approach

4 processes of speech

respiration, phonation, resonance, articulation

what are the intercostals

muscles between ribs that contract and pull ribs upward and outward when inhaling

must be open to produce nasal sounds

velopharyngeal wall

given occlusion, will the person sound hypo or hyper nasal

hyponasal

functional speech disorders

the motor production of speech sounds and those related the of the linguistic aspects of speech production

articulation disorders

focus of errors in production of individual speech sounds; motor based

phonological disorders

focus on predictable, rule based errors that affect more than one sound; linguistic error fronting, stopping, final consonant deletion

prevalence

number of children with speech problems in given time period

apraxia

neurological speech sound disorders in which the precision and consistency of speech movements are impaired due to neuromuscular deficits

dysarthria

group of motor speech disorders caused by muscle weakness

assimilation

alteration of consonant; becomes more like surrounding phoneme

cluster reduction

reduce to a singleton; /pen/ for place

which are acquired: sounds or processes

sounds

t/f: the purpose of a screening is to diagnose disorders

false

phonation

rapid opening and closing of the vocal folds for sounds

resonance

quality of voice that results from vibration of sound in the vocal tract

restorative treatment approaches

focus on improving speech intelligibility, naturalness, efficiency

compensatory treatment approaches

focus on improving comprehensibility by increasing speaker's use of communication strategies, improving listener skills, alternating comm environment; AAC options