Exam 1

Question 1

Endothermy

Answer 1

Body temperature is controlled by a combination of metabolic activity and physiological regulation of heat exchange with the environment.

Question 2

Endothermic Pro

Answer 2

Active in a wide range of temps, exploit a variety of habitats and climates, sustain high levels of activity.

Question 3

Endothermic Con

Answer 3

High metabolic rate (about 90% of food intake goes into thermoregulation), need constant food

Question 4

Colostrum

Answer 4

Early milk that transfers antibodies, thus reduces the mothers immunity

Question 5

Lysozyme

Answer 5

Antibacterial protein

Question 6

Prototheria

Answer 6

Do not have nipple or teat

Question 7

Hair Layers

Answer 7

Medulla, Cortex, Cuticle

Question 8

Angora

Answer 8

Continuous growth

Question 9

Definite

Answer 9

Har that obtains a particular length and is then shed and replaced.

Question 10

Vibirssae

Answer 10

Long, definite, stiff hairs. Used for sensory preception.

Question 11

Spines

Answer 11

Stiff enlarged, definite growth. Used for protection.

Question 12

Bristles

Answer 12

Firm and long, exhibit angora growth

Question 13

Awns

Answer 13

usually lie in one direction, definite, giving the pleage a distinctive nap. Used for insulation.

Question 14

Arrector Pili muscle

Answer 14

A section of smooth muscle attached to the hair shaft. When contracted the hair shaft becomes erect.

Question 15

Eccrine Gland

Answer 15

Secrete sweat directly to the skin

Question 16

Apocrine Gland

Answer 16

Secreted in association with a hair shaft.

Question 17

Sebaceous glands

Answer 17

Lubrication and waterproofing gland for their hair and skin

Question 18

Heterodont Dentition

Answer 18

Different types of teeth with different functions

Question 19

Tooth anatomy

Answer 19

Crown, cusp, root, occlusal surface

Question 20

Tissues of mammalian teeth

Answer 20

Dentin, Enamel, Pulp, Cementum

Question 21

Hypsodont

Answer 21

Crown sits high above root. Divided into visible crown above gumline and reserve crown below gumline.

Question 22

Brachydont

Answer 22

Crown is not high above room and ends at gumline

Question 23

Diphydont

Answer 23

Two successive sets of teeth

Question 24

Monphydont

Answer 24

Only one set of teeth

Question 25

Polyphydont

Answer 25

Teeth are continually replaced

Question 26

Kinds of teeth

Answer 26

Incisors, Canines, Premolars and molars

Question 27

Secodont

Answer 27

Sharp, triangular blade like teeth used for cutting

Question 28

Bunodont

Answer 28

Cusps form separate rounded hills that crush and grind food.

Question 29

Lophodont

Answer 29

Cusps form elongated ridges around the crown

Question 30

Selenodont

Answer 30

Cusps are broadened into crescent shaped ridges used to grind vegetation.

Question 31

Chambers of circulatory system

Answer 31

Left and right atrium and ventricle

Question 32

2 systems

Answer 32

Pulmonary- moves blood to the lungs for gas excahnge and back. Systematic- Moves oxygenated blood through the body and back to the heart.

Question 33

Enucleated red blood cells

Answer 33

Mammalian red blood cells extrude their nuclei when mature.

Question 34

Mammalian Diaphragm

Answer 34

The diaphragm and the intercostal muscles control breathing.

Question 35

Single jaw bone

Answer 35

The lower jaw of a mammal is comprised of a single bone, the dentary bone.

Question 36

Three ear ossicle

Answer 36

Stapes, Malleus, Incus

Question 37

Early tetrapods

Answer 37

360 mybp

Question 38

Amniota

Answer 38

evolved from amphibian-like tetrapods, amniotic egg was a game changer.

Question 39

Three groups of amniotes

Answer 39

Reptilia, Aves and Mammalia

Question 40

Synapsida

Answer 40

Gave rise to mammals, 1 temporal fenestra

Question 41

Saurapsida

Answer 41

Gave rise to reptiles, birds and dinosaurs, 0 or 2 temporal fenestra

Question 42

Pelycosaurs

Answer 42

Earliest lineage of synapsid

Question 43

Therapsids

Answer 43

Evolved from the pelycosaurs, gained zygomatic arch and the sagital crest is less sprawling

Question 44

Cynodonts

Answer 44

Came from therapsids, lumbar ribs reduced, formation of a secondary palate.

Question 45

Unique mammalian features (Diagnostic)

Answer 45

Mammary glands/Lactation, Hair, Arrector Pili Muscle, Sebaceous Glands, Heterodont Dentition, Enucleated Red Blood Cells, Mammalian Diaphragm, Single Lower Jaw Bone.

Question 46

Mammalian Features (All)

Answer 46

Endothermy, Mammary glands/lactation, Hair, Arrector pili muscle, various skin glands, adipose tissue (fat), Heterodont dentition, Highly efficient circulatory system, Enucleated red blood cell, simplified skeleton, single lower jaw bone, three ear ossicles.