EXAM 1

Question 1

Scientific Method

Answer 1

Observation of natural phenomenon, Hypothesis is a reasonable explanation, Experiment, Theory, and Law

Question 2

Physical properties

Answer 2

Can measure without changing property, such as boiling point

Question 3

Physical changes

Answer 3

Reversible, ie. liquid to gas

Question 4

Chemical properties

Answer 4

Can’t measure without changing property, such as flammability

Question 5

Scientific methods

Answer 5

Inquiry wheel, model-base theory

Question 6

Homogeneous

Answer 6

featureless

Question 7

Heterogeneous

Answer 7

features

Question 8

Molecule

Answer 8

more than one element combined

Question 9

Physical separation techniques

Answer 9

Filtration, evaporation, distillation

Question 10

Chemical separation techniques

Question 11

Absolute uncertainty

Question 12

Relative uncertainty

Question 13

Density

Answer 13

mass/volume

Question 14

Intensive properties

Answer 14

unit/unit, a constant

Question 15

Extensive properties

Answer 15

unit/1, subject to change

Question 16

Dalton’s Atomic Theory

Answer 16

It is true that atoms are created of small particles

Question 17

JJ Thomson

Answer 17

Cathode-ray tube, 1897, mass and charge obtained

Question 18

Robert Millikan

Answer 18

Oil-drop, 1909, mass and charge obtained

Question 19

Ernest Rutherford

Answer 19

Gold foil experiment, 1911

Question 20

James Chadwick

Answer 20

Discoverer of neturon, atomic model, 1932

Question 21

Isotopes

Answer 21

Elements with same number of protons, but different number of neutrons

Question 22

Nucleons

Answer 22

protons and neutrons

Question 23

Atomic mass

Answer 23

proton + neutrons

Question 24

Neutrons

Answer 24

Atomic mass - protons

Question 25

Protons

Answer 25

equal to electrons (except for ions)

Question 26

Why is the nucleus stable?

Answer 26

the protons and neutrons are interchangeable and equal

Question 27

Why is the proton fundamental?

Answer 27

It is more stable than the electron

Question 28

Isotopic notation

Answer 28

(percent/100%) times abundance + (percent/100) times abundance + (percent/100) times abundance

Question 29

Groups 3-12

Answer 29

Transition metals

Question 29

Charges

Answer 29

+, Alkali group 1 (+1), Alkaline group 2 (+2), group 13 (+3), group 14 (+4, -4), group 15 (-3), group 16 (-2), group 17 (-1), group 18 (0)

Question 30

Ionic bonds

Question 31

Condensed chemical formula

Answer 31

condensed name, ie. H2O

Question 31

Oxidation numbers

Answer 31

for singular elements, ON is 0

Question 31

Prefixes

Answer 31

4 is tetra, 7 is hepta

Question 31

Alkanes

Answer 31

methane (CH4), ethane, propane, butane, pentane, hexane, heptane, octane, nonane, decane. C goes up by 1, H goes up by 2

Question 33

Proton discovery

Answer 33

Determines identity of atom, Ernest Rutherford, gold foil/atomic nucleus

Question 34

Electron discovery

Answer 34

Determines chemistry and properties of the atom, JJ Thomson, cathode ray tube/electron

Question 35

Neutron discovery

Answer 35

Impacts mass and stability of the atom, James Chadwick

Question 36

Law of constant composition

Answer 36

Mass ratio of elements in a compound are always the same