Exam 1 Flashcards

(58 cards)

1
Q

Match the type of CK isoenzyme with its specificity: Cardiac

-CK-MB
-CK-MM
-CK-BB

A

CK-MB

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2
Q

Match the type of CK isoenzyme with its specificity: Muscle

-CK-MB
-CK-MM
-CK-BB

A

CK-MM

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3
Q

Match the type of CK isoenzyme with its specificity: Brain

-CK-MB
-CK-MM
-CK-BB

A

CK-BB

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4
Q

Amylase is more specific to pancreatitis than lipase.

True
False

A

False

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5
Q

This test has greater specificity to liver damage.

-AST
-ALP
-Acid phosphatase
-ALT

A

ALT

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6
Q

In many reactions, we are looking at the reaction of the cofactor NADH to NAD to determine the value of the enzyme.

True
False

A

True

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7
Q

This enzyme has a short half-life and is found in the heart, liver, skeletal muscle, and kidney.

-ALT
-AST
-GGT
-CK

A

AST

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8
Q

The hook effect refers to high concentrations of analyte producing a lower signal than expected.

True
False

A

True

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9
Q

Match the type of inhibitor with the description:
These associate with enzymes at places other than the active site.

-Uncompetitive
-Non-competitive
-Competitive

A

Non-competitive

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10
Q

Match the type of inhibitor with the description:
These bind only to the ES complex.

-Uncompetitive
-Non-competitive
-Competitive

A

Uncompetitive

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11
Q

Match the type of inhibitor with the description:
These share structural features found in the substrate.

-Uncompetitive
-Non-competitive
-Competitive

A

Competitive

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12
Q

In this state, not all enzyme sites are saturated with substrate and substrate concentration is the rate-limiting step.

-First-order kinetics
-Zero-order kinetics
-Post-zone phenomenon
-Last-order kinetics

A

First-order kinetics

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13
Q

What is a zymogen?

-The protein portion of an enzyme
-An inactive, secreted form of the enzyme
-A cavity other than the active site
-The complete, active enzyme complex

A

An inactive, secreted form of the enzyme

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14
Q

The following statement could be used to describe zero-order kinetics:
Substrate is present in excess, rate of reaction is constant with time and dependent only on the concentration of enzyme in the system.

True
False

A

True

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15
Q

When measuring enzyme activity, if the instrument is operating at 50 C lower than the temperature prescribed for the method, how would the results be affected?

-Lower than expected
-Higher than expected
-Varied, showing no pattern in results
-All would be clinically abnormal

A

Lower than expected

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16
Q

What does an increase in serum enzyme levels indicate?

-Decreased enzyme catabolism
-Accelerated enzyme production
-Tissue damage and necrosis
-Increased glomerular filtration rate

A

Tissue damage and necrosis

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17
Q

Pathological condition in which the proximal tubules in the kidneys do not reabsorb glucose, amino acids, uric acids, and bicarbonates resulting in their loss to the urine concentrate.

-Lesch-Nyhan Syndrome
-Gout
-Congestive heart failure
-Fanconi Syndrome

A

Fanconi Syndrome

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18
Q

This test can be used to monitor alcoholics with liver toxicity

-AST
-ALT
-GGT
-ALP

A

GGT

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19
Q

Which of the following serves as the glomerular filtration rate for clinicians?

-Urea
-Creatinine
-Uric acid
-Ammonia

A

Creatinine

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20
Q

Plasma creatinine levels are determined by all of the following except:

-Relative muscle mass
-Rate of creatine turnover
-Renal function
-Dietary intake of protein

A

Dietary intake of protein

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21
Q

A 56 year old male with gout is given allopurinol then returns to the ER a week later with a uric acid level of 8.6 mg/dL (2.4-7.0 mg/dL). What statement best describes the reason for the uric acid level?

-The patient overdosed on allopurinol
-Allopurinol returned uric acid levels to normal
-The patient did not take prescribed medication

A

The patient did not take prescribed medication

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22
Q

What is an energy source utilized by muscles?

-Creatinine
-Creatine phosphate
-Myoglobin
-Nitrogen

A

Creatine phosphate

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23
Q

This non-protein nitrogen compound is found in the highest concentration in the blood.

-Ammonia
-Uric acid
-Creatinine
-Urea nitrogen

A

Urea nitrogen

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24
Q

Which is not a clinical application of measurement of urea?

-Assess hydration status
-Evaluate liver function
-Verify adequacy of dialysis
-Determine nitrogen balance

A

Evaluate liver function

25
Match the BUN:Creatinine ratio with the correct location of azotemia: 23 -Prerenal -Postrenal -Intrarenal
Prerenal
26
Match the BUN:Creatinine ratio with the correct location of azotemia: 11 -Prerenal -Postrenal -Intrarenal
Postrenal
27
Match the BUN:Creatinine ratio with the correct location of azotemia: 8 -Prerenal -Postrenal -Intrarenal
Intrarenal
28
Which is not a likely cause of decreased BUN? -High protein dietary intake -Liver disease -Severe vomiting -Increased protein synthesis
High protein dietary intake
29
The most frequently used analytic method for creatinine testing is the: -Enzymatic method -Kinetic Jaffe reaction -Jaffe reaction -Hexokinase
Jaffe reaction
30
Which test has the most strict collection requirements that include transporting the specimen on ice and testing immediately? -Ammonia -BUN -Uric acid -Creatinine Clearance
Ammonia
31
This disease is commonly seen in children who have been given aspirin during a viral infection. -Fanconi's syndrome -Lesch-Nyhan syndrome -Reye's syndrome -Gout
Reye's syndrome
32
Given the following information, calculate the creatinine clearance: Urine creatinine: 120 mg/dL Plasma creatinine: 1.5 mg/dL Urine volume for 12hours: 600 mL Patient BSA: 2.13
53.8
33
Calculate the A/G ratio with a total protein of 7.7 g/dL and an albumin of 4.7 g/dL.
1.6
34
Match the description with the disease state: Severe protein deficiency Kwashiokor Marasmus
Kwashiokor
35
Match the description with the disease state: Severe protein and calorie deficiency Kwashiokor Marasmus
Marasmus
36
Which is a negative acute phase reactant? -Alpha-1 antitrypsin -Transferrin -Alpha-2 macroglobulin -Haptoglobin
Transferrin
37
This protein is known for being a nephrotoxin. -Myoglobin -Transferrin -Haptoglobin -C- reactive protein
Myoglobin
38
This test may be used to assess nutritional status. -CRP -Alpha-1 antitrypsin -Haptoglobin -Prealbumin
Prealbumin
39
Proteins with 10-40% carbohydrates attached are: -Glycoproteins -Lipoproteins -Mucoproteins -Enzymes
Glycoproteins
40
Proteins consist of the elements: -Carbon -Oxygen -Nitrogen -All of these -None of these
All of these
41
In the stomach ______ breaks down proteins into peptides. -Papain -Pepsin -Sodium chloride -Pepsid
Pepsin
42
When a protein is disturbed and loses its functional and chemical characteristics, it is called: -Multimer -Depeptidation -Denaturation -Amphoteric
Denaturation
43
The most common secondary structure of a protein is: -Gamma helix -Alpha helix -Beta pleated sheet -Alpha pleated sheet
Alpha helix
44
Essential amino acids: -Must be obtained through diet -Are synthesized by the body
Must be obtained through diet
45
In cerebral spinal fluid, ______% of protein comes from plasma, while ______% comes from the brain. 80%, 20% 90%, 10% 5%, 95% 95%, 5%
95%, 5%
46
Which protein has a function to maintain oncotic pressure? -Albumin -Prealbumin -Alpha-1 antitrypsin -Alpha-2 macroglobulin
Albumin
47
When proteins have a more positive charge they are more easily dissolved. True False
True
48
Which is not true of amino acid analysis? -Collect sample in a heparin tube -Blood samples should be drawn after a 2-3 hour fast -Analysis should be performed immediately or sample frozen -Plasma should be removed carefully to avoid platelets and white blood cells
Blood samples should be drawn after a 2-3 hour fast
49
This type of analytical method measures the amount of light that can pass through a sample at a 180 degree angle from the incident light. -Fluorometry -Chemiluminescence -Turbidimetry -Nephelometry
Turbidimetry
50
Stray light refers to any wavelengths outside the band transmitted by the monochromator. True False
True
51
Dynodes are a series of anodes with successively higher voltages. True False
True
52
An advantage of a photocell over a phototube is that a photocell has an external power source and is more sensitive with lower amounts of light. True False
False
53
Calculate % transmittance through a tube containing 5 layers of solution with an absorbance of 20%. 33% 4% 51% 0.3%
33%
54
Beer's Law is: -The concentration of a substance is directly proportional to the amount of light transmitted or inversely proportional to the logarithm of the absorbed light. -The concentration of a substance is directly proportional to the amount of light absorbed or inversely proportional to the logarithm of the transmitted light. -The concentration of a substance is directly proportional to both the amount of light transmitted to the logarithm of the absorbed light.
The concentration of a substance is directly proportional to the amount of light absorbed or inversely proportional to the logarithm of the transmitted light
55
Place in the correct order. Light gets converted to: -electrons, amps, volts, absorbance -electrons, volts, amps, absorbance -electrons, absorbance, amps, volts -electrons, absorbance, volts, amps
electrons, amps, volts, absorbance
56
This type of lamp is used in visible and infrared regions and is the most common type: -Mercury vapor -Hydrogen -Deuterium -Tungsten
Tungsten
57
Visible light falls between the color ______ at 400 nm and _____ at 700 nm. -red, violet -green, red -violet, red -violet, orange
violet, red
58
Which is the order that you would expect to see in LD isoenzymes in a patient who has had a heart attack. -LD1>LD2>LD3>LD4>LD5 -LD2>LD1>LD3>LD4>LD5 -LD5>LD4>LD3>LD2>LD1 -LD1>LD3>LD2>LD4>LD5
LD1>LD2>LD3>LD4>LD5