Exam 1

Question 1

Contemporary

Answer 1

Modern or current

Question 2

Functionalist

Answer 2

A psychologist who studies the function rather than the structure of consciousness

Question 3

Psychoanalyst

Answer 3

Psychologist who studies how unconscious motives and conflicts determine human behaviors, feelings, and thoughts

Question 4

Cognitivist

Answer 4

A psychologist who studies how we process, store, retrieve, and use information and how thought processes influence our behavior

Question 5

Psychobiologist

Answer 5

A psychologist who studies how physical and chemical changes in our bodies influence our behavior

Question 6

Psychologist

Answer 6

A scientist who studies the mind and behavior of humans and animals

Question 7

Psychiatry

Answer 7

A branch of medicine that deals with mental, emotional, or behavioral disorders

Question 8

Variable

Answer 8

Any factor that is capable of change

Question 9

descriptive statistics

Answer 9

The listing and summarizing of data in a practical, efficient way

Question 10

Frequency distribution

Answer 10

An arrangement of data that indicates how often a particular score or observation occurs

Question 11

Central tendency

Answer 11

A number that describes something about the average score of a distribution variance

Question 12

Standard deviation

Answer 12

A measure of variability that describes an average distance of every score from the mean

Question 13

Variance

Answer 13

A measure of variability that is the mean of squares of the deviations from the mean of the set

Question 14

Correlation coefficient

Answer 14

Describes the direction and strength of a relationship between two sets of variables

Question 15

Inferential statistics

Answer 15

Numerical methods used to determine whether research data supported a hypothesis or whether results were due to chance

Question 16

Self concept

Answer 16

How we see or describe ourselves; our total perception of ourselves

Question 17

Compliance

Answer 17

A change or a maintenance of behavior to avoid discomfort or rejection and to gain approval

Question 18

Identification

Answer 18

Seeing oneself as similar to another person or group and accepting the attitudes of another person or group as one’s own

Question 19

Internalization

Answer 19

Incorporating the values, ideas, and standards of others as part of oneself

Question 20

Cognitive dissonance

Answer 20

The uncomfortable feeling when a person’s experiences contradictory or conflicting thoughts, attitudes, beliefs, or feelings

Question 21

Counterattitudinal behavior

Answer 21

The process of taking a public position that contradicts once private attitude

Question 22

Self justification

Answer 22

The need to rationalize one’s attitude and behavior

Question 23

Prejudice

Answer 23

Preconceived attitudes towards a person or group that have been formed without sufficient evidence and are not easily changed

Question 24

Inoculation effect

Answer 24

Developing resistance to persuasion by exposing a person to arguments that challenge his or her beliefs so that he or she can practice defending them

Question 25

Brainwashing

Answer 25

Extreme form of attitude change semicolon uses peer pressure, physical suffering, threats, rewards, guilt, and intensive indoctrination