Exam 1

Question 1

Prehistoric Archaeology

Answer 1

This is a field that uses excavations and analysis of material remains to investigate cultures that existed before the development of writing.

Question 2

Historic Archeology

Answer 2

past of literate peoples through excavation

Question 3

Human Variation

Answer 3

physical differences among human populations

Question 4

Ethnocentrism

Answer 4

Beliving that your own culture is superior.

Question 5

Holistic Approach

Answer 5

This is defined assumption that any aspect of a culture is integrated with other aspects, so that no dimension of culture can be understood in isolation.

Question 6

Cultural Determinism

Answer 6

This is the notion that the beliefs and behaviors of individuals are largely programmed by their culture.

Question 7

Norms

Answer 7

Shared ideals and/or expectations about how certain people ought to act given certain circumstances.

Question 8

Patterns of Behavior

Answer 8

Within a single culture, these are the behaviors most people perform when they are in a certain culturally defined situation.

Question 9

Ethnohistoric Research

Answer 9

A study of past cultures using written accounts and other documents

Question 10

Evolutionary Psychology

Answer 10

This is a scientific approach emphasizing that humans are subject to similar evolutionary forced as other animals; associated with the hypothesis that human behavior patterns enhance genetic fitness.

Question 11

Humanistic Approach

Answer 11

The theoretical orientation that rejects attempts to explain culture in general in favor of achieving an empathetic and understanding of particular cultures.

Question 12

Recall Ethnography

Answer 12

This is the attempt to reconstruct a cultural system as a slightly earlier period by interviewing older individuals who lived during that period.

Question 13

Cultural Universals

Answer 13

biological imperatives, divisions of work, taboos of sex, economic activity, recreational activities, beliefs in the supernatural, decorative arts, music and singing, myths legends and folklore, rites of passage

Question 14

Ethnographic Methods

Answer 14

ethnographic fieldwork (structured and unstructured interviews), limits of interviewing, participant observation, recall ethnography.