Exam 1

Question 1

Biology

Answer 1

scientific study of organisms, living and fossil

Question 2

Cell

Answer 2

the basic unit of life

Question 3

Organism

Answer 3

living individuals that consist of more than 1 cell

Question 4

5 characteristics of living things

Answer 4

• homeostasis
• uses energy
• is organized
• reproduces, grows, and develops
• evolves

Question 5

Example of homeostasis

Answer 5

maintaining body temperature

Question 6

levels of organization

Answer 6

atom, molecule, organelle, cells, tissue, organ, organ system, organism

Question 7

prokaryotes

Answer 7

• bacteria and archaea
• first organisms
• single celled organisms only
• doesn’t have nucleus or organelles

Question 8

eukaryotes

Answer 8

• formed billions of years after eukaryotes
• can be single or multicellular
• has a nucleus and organelles

Question 9

most inclusive taxonomic group

Answer 9

domain

Question 10

least inclusive taxonomic group

Answer 10

species

Question 11

3 domains

Answer 11

bacteria, archaea, and eukarya

Question 12

4 kingdoms in domain eukarya

Answer 12

Protista, Fungi, Plantae, and Animalia.

Question 13

First domain to emerge first

Answer 13

Protista

Question 14

How old is Earth?

Answer 14

4.6 billion years old

Question 15

When did the first life form appeared?

Answer 15

4 billion years ago

Question 16

Photosynthetic organisms?

Answer 16

2.5 billion years ago

Question 17

First land plants and animals

Answer 17

500 million years ago

Question 18

What changed in atmosphere to allow organisms to move onto land?

Answer 18

Photosynthesis increased oxygen production, which allowed aerobic capable organisms to flourish due to being able to make energy, and also led to O3 (ozone layer) production, which protected the animals from harmful UV radiation

Question 19

Unifying principle of biology?

Answer 19

Evolution

Question 20

Evolution

Answer 20

results in change in the genetic makeup of populations over time

Question 21

artificial selection

Answer 21

selective breeding of plants and animals to get desirable traits

Question 22

Natural selection and adaptations

Answer 22

the process through which populations of living organisms adapt and change

Question 23

Scientific method

Answer 23

• make observations
• ask questions
• form a hypothesis
• make a prediction
• design and conduct an experiment

Question 24

IV

Answer 24

what’s manipulated in the experiment

Question 25

DV

Answer 25

What your measuring in the experiment

Question 26

Standardized variables

Answer 26

variables that don't change in an experiment

Question 27

Control group

Answer 27

a group in the experiment which a variable is not being tested

Question 28

Atom

Answer 28

smallest chemical unit of a type of pure substance

Question 29

Molecule

Answer 29

group of joined atoms

Question 30

Element

Answer 30

pure substance having only one kind of atom

Question 31

Compound

Answer 31

molecule made up of 2+ elements bonded together in a fixed ratio

Question 32

3 particles of an atom

Answer 32

protons, electrons, and neutrons

Question 33

Ion

Answer 33

+ or - charged atoms

Question 34

Location of the 3 particles

Answer 34

Protons and neutrons are located in the nucleus Electrons are located outside the nucleus on orbital rings

Question 35

Mass of protons and neutrons

Answer 35

1 Dalton = 1.7 x 10^-14 g.

Question 36

Mass of an electron

Answer 36

9.1 x 10^-28 g.

Question 37

Atomic number

Answer 37

number of protons in the atoms

Question 38

Atomic weight

Answer 38

total weight of an atom

Question 39

Molecular weight

Answer 39

sum of atomic weights of all atoms in a molecule

Question 40

Mass number

Answer 40

number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus

Question 41

Isotope

Answer 41

forms of the same element with different numbers of neutrons

Question 42

Orbital

Answer 42

where an electron is 90% of the time and can hold up to 2 electrons

Question 43

Electron shell

Answer 43

energy level

Question 44

Valence shell

Answer 44

Outermost shell, reactive ones have unpaired electrons

Question 45

Ionic bond

Answer 45

M - M or M - NM bond, formed between two or more atoms by the transfer of one or more electrons between atoms

Question 46

Covalent bond

Answer 46

NM - NM, NM - Metalloid, a bond in which atoms share one or more electrons

Question 47

Polar bond

Answer 47

a molecule in which one end of the molecule is slightly positive, while the other end is slightly negative, and atoms with different electronegativities share electrons unequally in a covalent bond

Question 48

Nonpolar bond

Answer 48

a type of chemical bond where two atoms share a pair of electrons with each other

Question 49

Hydrogen bond

Answer 49

attraction between the positive end of one molecule and the negative end of another

Question 50

van der Waals

Answer 50

attractions between nonpolar molecules close together

Question 51

Redox reactions

Answer 51

electron transferred between 2 molecules When something is oxidized - loses electrons, e- donor or reducing agent When something is reduced - gains electrons, e- acceptor or oxidizing agent

Question 52

Characteristics of water

Answer 52

Single molecule - polar bond Double molecule - polar bond Cohesion - an attraction between molecules or atoms of the same substance Adhesion - an attraction between molecules of different chemical substances

Question 53

Is water denser as a liquid or a solid

Answer 53

water is denser as a liquid due to the solid structure forming a crystalline structure with hydrogen bonds that push them further apart, creating more space between them and resulting in a lower density compared to liquid water where the molecules are more tightly packed together