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Exam #1 Flashcards

(59 cards)

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1
Q

scientific method

A

observe, for hypotheses, experiment, reject/accept, repeat

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1
Q

scientific theory

A

explanation of incompletely understood phenomena

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2
Q

scientific law

A

a statement describing specific phenomena verified by observation

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3
Q

copes law

A

body size in a lineage tends to increase over geological time

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4
Q

fossil

A

the remains of ancient life (by convention usually only applied to objects > 10,000 years old)

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5
Q

fossilium

A

dug up from the ground (strange rock or found in strange rock

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6
Q

griffin

A

half lion half eagle

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7
Q

protoceratops

A

mongolian dinosaur

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8
Q

iguanadon

A

iguana teeth (found 1822, 1825)

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9
Q

megalosaurs

A

big lizard (1824)

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10
Q

dinosauria

A

terrible lizard

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11
Q

Charles marsh

A

described 500 fossils
published 270 papers

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12
Q

Edward cope

A

named 1200 fossil species
published 1400 papers

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13
Q

bone wars

A

1868-1890s

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14
Q

elasmosaurs

A

a long–necked plesiosaur

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15
Q

1920s gobi expeditions

A

a failure in terms of finding human ancestors but great success for dinosaur paleontology

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16
Q

taphonomy

A

what happens between death and fossil

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17
Q

steps in taphonomy

A

life, death, transport, burial, fossilization, exposure, collection

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18
Q

preservation potential

A

the probability an organism becoming a fossil

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19
Q

what kind of Dino sold for the most money

A

T. rex

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20
Q

what was the name of that most expensive dinosaur

A

sue

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21
Q

taphonomy

A

the processes acting during fossilization

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22
Q

steps of taphonomy

A

life assemblage, death assemblage, fossil, collected specimen

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23
Q

taphonomy processes

Study These Flashcards
A

death, eaten or scavenged/decay, transport, burial, fossilization, uplift/erosion/and exposure, discovery and collection

24
preservation potential
likelihood of being fossilized
25
less to more likely to be fossilized
details of appearance, soft tissue, stiff tissues, position of bones relative to each other, small/delicate/loosely integrated bones, large/massive/dense bones and teeth
26
can color be preserved
no
27
Zulu crurivastator
a late cretaceous ankylosaur
28
Lucy
fossil record is incomplete and biased
28
body fossil
the physical remains of an organism such as bones, teeth, or tissue
29
trace fossil
remains that weren't apart of the living organism (tracks, excrement, feeding traces)
30
rock cycle
sedimentary rocks -metamorphism-, metamorphic rock -melting-, igneous rock -weathering an erosion-, sediments -deposition-,
31
3 basic rock types
sedimentary, metamorphic, and igneous
32
most fossils are found in
sedimentary rocks
33
fluvial
channels
34
larger grains
cobbles (in the center of channel)
35
smaller grains
sand and slit (on the sides of channel)
36
sedimentary facies
characteristics of sedimentary rocks that allow the depositional environment to be inferred
37
lacustrine deposits
often a 'bulls-eye pattern of rock type (sandy, muddy, clay)
38
black layers
during winter, mud settles out
39
tan layers
during spring, wash in more sand
40
marginal marine
mixture of fluvial, swampy, beach, and marine indicators
41
arid/semi-arid (windy)
sand dunes
42
depositional environments
fluvial-river, lacustrine-lake, arid-deserts, marginal marine-mixture of environments
43
stratigraphy
putting events in order and correlating among sites
44
putting events in order
original horizontality and lateral continuity super supposition, cross cutting relationships
45
original horizontality and lateral continuity
sedimentary rocks are originally laid down in horizontal layers; layers continue laterally until they run into a discontinuity, grade into something else, or pinch out
46
superposition
in a sedimentary sequence, the oldest layers are on the bottom and younger are piled on top
47
superposition with a tilt
so long as you can tell "up" from "down" principle works even with tilted or folded layers
48
"way up" structures
some features in rocks can help determine with way was up when they formed
49
cross cutting relationships
features that cut across other layers are younger than the layers they cut, works for faults or erosion just as well as fro magma
50
angular unconformity
Grand Canyon
51
relative dating
placing events/rock units/organisms in a chronological sequence, using principles of stratigraphy
52
faunal succesion
recognition that different creatures lived at different times, fossil organisms succeed one another in a define order
53
global correlation
assembling a composite section using faunal succession
54
geological time scale
built and refined over centuries using tools described
55
Mesozoic
cretaceous, jurassic, triassic (66 Ma-252 Ma)
56
catastrophism
view that earth history was punctured by events of tremendous violence and size that could form.reshape rock units on a global scale quickly
57
uniformitarianism
idea that the "present is the key to the past" present rates of change are usually extremely slow and gradual; predicts a very long span of time to explain the geological column

Geo (3 decks)

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