Exam 1 Flashcards
Lectures 1 and 2 (122 cards)
1
Q
What are the 5 types of teeth?
A
Incisors
Canines
Premolars
Molars
2
Q
What does maxillary location mean?
A
Upper portion of the mouth
3
Q
What does mandibular location mean?
A
Lower portion of the mouth
4
Q
When looking at the labial side of a tooth what facial body part would the tooth be touching?
A
The lips
5
Q
When looking at the buccal side of a tooth what facial body part would the tooth be touching?
A
The cheeks
6
Q
When looking at the lingual side of a tooth what facial body part would the tooth be touching?
A
The tongue
7
Q
Which teeth have labial surfaces?
A
Incisors and Canines
8
Q
Which teeth have buccal surfaces?
A
Premolars and Molars
9
Q
What surface of the tooth does incisal or occlusal refer to?
A
The top of the tooth
10
Q
Which teeth are referred to when discussing the incisal surface?
A
Incisors and canines
11
Q
Which teeth are referred to when discussing the occlusal surface?
A
Premolars and Molars
12
Q
Which orientation does mesial refer to?
A
towards the front of the mouth
13
Q
which orientation does distal refer to?
A
towards the back of the mouth
14
Q
What are the three main anatomical parts of the tooth?
A
Crown
Neck
Root
15
Q
What is the mesial marginal ridge of a tooth?
A
The ridge at the edge of the tooth towards the front of the mouth
16
Q
What is the distal marginal ridge?
A
The ridge at the edge of the tooth towards the back of the mouth
17
Q
What is the highest portion on the surface of an incisor?
A
The incisal ridge
18
Q
What is the highest portion of a canine, premolar, or molar?
A
The cusp tip
19
Q
What are the 3 parts that multi-cusped teeth have?
A
cusp ridges
grooves
fossa
basin
20
Q
What is the fossa of a tooth?
A
low points where grooves of a tooth meet
21
Q
Incisal edge/single cusp teeth have a _______
A
lingual fossa
22
Q
What is the basin of a tooth?
A
the space in which the grooves and fossa meet
23
Q
What are the 4 parts of the crown of a tooth?
A
Enamel
Ameloblasts
Dentin
Odontoblasts
24
Q
What makes up 94% of enamel?
A
inorganic material
25
What makes up 4% of enamel?
Organic material and water
26
What is the function of the ameloblasts? When do they lose function?
To form the enamel and lose function after formation
27
What composes 70% of dentine?
minerals
28
What composes 20% of dentine?
organic tissue
29
what composes 10% of dentine?
water
30
What is the pulp of the tooth?
Soft tissue that contains blood vessels and nerves and is completely enclosed by dentine
31
What is the neck of a tooth?
the portion of the tooth where the crown and root meet that contains the EDJ
32
What does EDJ stand for?
Enamel-dentin junction
33
What is the root of a tooth?
the apical region of tooth which extends into the jaw
34
What is the function of the periodontal ligament?
It holds the tooth into its socket
35
What is the apical foramen
the opening at the base of the root
36
what is the function of the cementum?
it attaches to the periodontal ligament to hold the tooth into place
37
What are the 4 tissues of the periodontium?
Gingiva
Cementum
Periodontal Ligament
Alveolar Bone
38
What is the cementum?
a thin bone-like structure that continuously forms and covers root dentine and attaches to periodontal ligament
39
What are the 2 components of the cementum?
Acellular
Cellular
40
Where can you find the acellular cementum?
it extends from the CEJ to root apex
41
What does CEJ stand for?
Cementum-enamel junction
42
Where can you find the cellular cementum?
the apical 3rd of the root
43
What does the shorthand for labelling teeth - URM3 - represent?
Upper Right Molar 3
44
What does the shorthand for labelling teeth - LLP2- represent?
Lower Left Premolar 2
45
What does the shorthand for labelling teeth - uli1- represent?
Deciduous upper left incisor 1
46
What does the shorthand for labelling teeth - llc - represent?
lower left canine
47
What type of tooth does uppercase shorthand describe?
a permanent tooth
48
What type of tooth does lowercase shorthand for labelling teeth mean?
a deciduous/primary tooth
49
How many deciduous/primary teeth are there?
20 teeth
50
What are characteristics of deciduous/primary teeth?
smaller
thinner enamel and roots
more yellow color
more and deeper ridges
51
What is the dental formula for deciduous teeth?
2. 1. 2.
52
How many permanent teeth are there?
32 teeth
53
What are characteristics of a permanent tooth?
Thicker enamel
Thicker roots
54
What are the anterior permanent teeth?
Incisors and canines
55
What are the posterior permanent teeth?
Premolars and molars
56
What are set traits for tooth identification?
whether a tooth is deciduous or permanent
57
what are class traits for tooth identification?
the type of tooth
i.e. incisor, canine, premolar, molar
58
what are arch traits of tooth identification?
whether a tooth is maxillary (upper) or mandibular (lower)
59
What are the ways to identify deciduous/primary teeth?
thinner enamel that bulges out around the neck
Shorter and more bulbous crown
Presence of sever neck constriction
thin and narrow roots
shorter root trunks
molar roots are more widely spread
60
What are the steps to identifying a tooth?
1. what type of tooth/class trait
2. upper or lower tooth/arch trait
3. position of tooth
4. if tooth is on the left or right of the mouth
61
What is the difference between incisors and canines
incisors = blade like
canines = pointed
62
What are characteristics of an upper/maxillary incisor?
larger crown that is thick labio-lingually
round and long roots
63
what are characteristics of a mandibular/lower incisor?
smaller crown with more square shape
flat roots
64
What are characteristics of an upper central (position 1) incisor?
if unworn: presence of mamelons
larger crown width
more symmetrical crown
65
what are characteristics of an upper lateral (position 2) incisor?
smaller crown width
more asymmetrical crown
more fan shaped and thinner
66
What are characteristics of an upper central incisor that identify if it is left or right?
Mesial edge is straight
Distal edge is rounded
Mesial CEJ is deeper than the distal CEJ
67
What are characteristics of an upper lateral incisor that identify if it is left or right?
Crown is "pointed" mesially in labial view
Mesial CEJ is deeper than distal CEJ
68
What are some characteristics of the lower central (position 1) incisor?
Generally larger crown
More fan shaped
Less symmetrical
69
What are some characteristics of a lower lateral (position 2) incisor?
Generally smaller crown
More narrow sides
More symmetrical
70
What are characteristics of a lower central incisor that identify if it is left or right?
Mesial CEJ is deeper than distal CEJ
71
What are characteristics of a lower lateral incisor that identify if it is left or right?
Mesial incisal edge is straighter and higher than distal
Incisal edge is twisted to follow jawline
Mesial CEJ is deeper than distal CEJ
72
What are some characteristics of an upper canine?
crowns are stout and shorter
73
What is the characteristic of a lower canine?
elongated crown
74
What are characteristics of an upper canine that determine if it is a left or right tooth?
distal edge bulges
Incisal edge is short mesially
CEJ is deeper mesially
Root tip curves ditally
75
What are characteristics of a lower canine that determine if it is a right or left tooth?
Mesial edge of crown is in line with root
Incisal edge is shorter mesially
CEJ is deeper mesially
Root tip curves distally
76
What are the characteristics of an upper premolar?
More oval shaped occlusal surface
Central groove between cusps
Lingual and buccal cusps are more similar in height
77
what are characteristics of a lower premolar?
Eocristid separates mesial and distal fossa
Buccal cusp taller than lingual cusp
78
What is the eocristid?
the ridge separating lingual and buccal cusps
79
What are characteristics of the upper first premolar?
Generally has 2 roots that are larger
larger central groove
has mesial concavity: canine fossa that extends to the root
developmental groove crosses mesial marginal ridge
80
What are characteristics of the upper second premolar?
smaller central groove
smaller crown
cusps are almost equal in height
81
What are some ways to distinguish the side of the upper first premolar?
Buccal cusp is more developed
Lingual cusp is shifted mesially
Developmental groove and fossa are mesial
Mesial marginal ridge is higher than distal ridge
82
What are some characteristics of the lower second premolar?
lingual cusp and buccal cusp are similar in height
smaller lingual cusp
more rectangular occlusal shape
central groove across eocristid
83
What are characteristics of the lower first premolar?
Very small lingual cusp
mesial ridge is long and straight
distal ridge is short and curved
distal basin is larger than the mesial basin
occlusal surface is oriented at 45 degrees
84
What are some ways to distinguish which side the lower first premolar is on?
distal basin is larger than mesial
mesial lingual marginal groove
lingual cusp is offset towards mesial
root tip bends distally
85
What are some ways to distinguish which side the lower second premolar is on?
Lingual cusp is offset towards mesial
distal basin is larger than mesial
root tip bends distally
86
What are some characteristics of an upper molar?
Have three roots
Have four cusps
More square crown with offset cusps
87
What are the four cusps of an upper molar in order?
protocone, paracone, metacone, hypocone
88
Does an upper molar have 2 buccal or 2 lingual roots when they have 3 total roots?
2 buccal
89
What are characteristics of a lower molar?
have two roots
five cusps
more elongated, rectangle shape
90
What are the five cusps of a lower molar in order?
Protoconid, metaconid, entoconid, hypoconid, hypoconulid
91
Which cusp may be missing from a lower molar?
the hypoconulid
92
Which cusp might be missing from an upper molar?
the hypocone
93
What are characteristics of an upper first molar?
largest crown size
well-developed hypocone cusp
more divergent root
94
What are characteristics of the upper second molar?
intermediate crown size
smaller/less developed hypocone cusp
95
What are characteristics of the upper third molar?
smallest crown size
small/absent hypocone cusp
close together or fused roots
96
How do you distinguish between a right or left upper molar?
protocone is the largest cusp and is located mesiolingually
hypocone located distolingually
the paracone and metacone are located buccally
the lingual surface is gently rounded
the buccal surface is more vertical
lingual root is the largest
97
What are characteristics of the lower first molar?
largest crown
five distinct cusps
more divergent roots
98
What are characteristics of the lower second molar?
intermediate crown size
smaller/less developed hypoconulid
99
What are characteristics of the lower third molar?
smallest crown size
smallest/absent hypoconulid
close together or fused roots
100
How would you distinguish from a left or right lower molar?
protoconid is the largest cusp and is located mesiobuccally
hypoconulid oriented buccodistally
buccal surface is gently rounded
lingual surface is more vertically oriented
crown tapers distally
101
What are some reasons people study teeth?
Distinctive anatomy and physiology throughout the fossil record
Begins a descriptive science that distinguishes between species, sex, and ageing process
102
What are some differences between inter-species associated with natural selection that are shown in teeth?
types of resources being consumed
function of teeth influences size and shape
103
What are some differences between intra-species associated with natural selection that are shown in teeth?
evolutionary changes i.e. human teeth reduce in size after development of agriculture
reduction in surface complexity
104
What are some aspects of teeth that represent differences in sex in non-human primates?
most males have larger canines than females in large groups of primates
105
What are some aspects of teeth that represent differences in sex in human primates?
males have larger teeth
females have pointer canines
106
True or False? Sex estimation using teeth is easy in human primates.
False
107
What are the two methods of studying teeth that are related to age differences?
Eruption stage of teeth
Perikymata count
108
What does the eruption method of determining age by teeth entail?
Looking at the ratio of permanent to deciduous teeth
Analyzing the development of the crown and root
Seeing how much of the crown has erupted
109
True or False: The eruption method of determining age is no longer useful after all of the teeth have erupted.
True
110
What does the Perikymata count method of determining age by teeth entail?
Counting the perikymata lines to the root junction to estimate the age of a subject.
111
What are perikymata?
The lines on the outer surface of the tooth associated with enamel growth that lay down at regular intervals.
112
What is the perikymata commonly used to age?
fossil teeth
113
Who is George Cuvier and why is he significant?
He was a comparative anatomist and paleontologist who developed the path to determining what a subject was by their teeth.
114
What was the flaw to George Cuvier's work?
He did not apply evolution to his work.
115
What are some agents of the environment associated with natural selection that affect teeth?
Food processing and diet
116
What are some agents of the environment associated with behavior that affect teeth?
Using teeth as tools
Cultural/practical modifications to teeth
117
True or False: Stages of tooth development are more stable than other skeletal elements.
True
118
True or False: Tooth are more affected than other skeletal elements by external forces. (EX: diet and disease)
False
119
What are some examples of the impact evolution can have on teeth?
A decrease in jaw size
Delayed development
Shape of teeth
120
What is calculus when referring to teeth?
Hardened dental plaque or tartar
121
What is collagen when referring to teeth?
it is a main component that provides the inner tooth's framework.
122
True or false: The shape of teeth is specialized to the diet of an individual.
True
