Exam 1 Flashcards
(23 cards)
What are the 4 classes of biological macromolecules?
Carbohydrates, nucleic acids, proteins, & lipids
What are nucleic acids made of?
Nucleotides
What are proteins made of?
Amino acids
What type of reaction is used to build macromolecule chains?
Dehydration
What type of reaction is used to split macromolecule chains?
Hydrolysis
How are amino acids joined to each other?
With a peptide bond formed by dyhydration
What defines the general structure of amino acids?
An amino group NH2 & an acidic carboxyl group COOH, as well as an R group that varies, & a hydrogen
What are polysaccharides?
Long chains of monosaccharides
Which nucleic acids are purines?
Adenine and guanine
Which nucleic acids are pyrimidines?
Cytosine, thiamine, urasil
What is the backbone of DNA made of?
Phosphate
What is the structure of a triglyceride?
Glycerol with 3 fatty acid chains
What is a phospholipid?
a glycerol, two fatty acids, & a phosphate
What are the 7 basic characteristics of life?
Cellular organization; ordered complexity; sensitivity; growth, development, & reproduction; energy utilization; homeostasis; evolutionary adaptation
What is the difference between a theory & a hypothesis?
A hypothesis is a guess used in experimentation, while a theory is supported model of how things work
What was On the Origin of Species about?
Natural selection as a mechanism of evolution
What was The Voyage of the Beagle about?
Darwin coming to terms with the idea of common decent
What was the Human Genome Project?
A 1990 project to sequence the entire human genome, completed in 2003
What is descriptive science?
The process of collecting scientific data without any hypothesis or experiment in mind
What is an isomer?
One of multiple different organic molecules that has the same formula as the others, but a differnt form
What is a polymer?
A chain of similar monomers
What is a monomer?
A small organic molecule
What are monosaccharides?
Simple sugars (6 carbon or fewer)
