Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Bio 102 > Exam 1 > Flashcards

Exam 1 Flashcards

(80 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

properties of life

A
  • Order
  • Sensitivity or response to stimuli
  • Reproduction
  • Growth and development
  • Regulation
  • Homeostasis
  • Energy processing/Metabolism
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
1
Q

the study of life

A

biology

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

levels of organization

A
  • Atoms
  • Molecules
  • Macromolecules
  • Organelles
  • Cells
  • Tissues
  • Organs and organ systems
  • Organisms, populations, and communities
  • Ecosystems
  • Biosphere
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

steps of scientific method

A

look at picture

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Powerful, broad explanation for related observations
* Based on well-supported hypotheses
* Supported by different, independent lines of research

A

theory

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

peer review

A

BLIND process

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

one of 118 unique substances that cannot break down into smaller substances; each element has
unique properties and a specified number of protons

A

element

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

smallest and most fundamental unit of matter that retains the properties of an element

A

atom

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

two or more atoms chemically bonded together

A

molecule

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

structure of an atom

A
  • 2 regions
  • nucleus –> center of the atom, contains protons and neutrons
  • outermost region –> holds electrons in orbit around the nucleus
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

subatomic particles

A

protons, neutrons, electrons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

most common elements in living organisms

A

CHON - carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

atoms give up or gain electrons

A

ionic bond

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

electrons are shared

A

covalent bond

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

unequal sharing of the electrons

A

polar covalent

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

equal sharing of the electrons

A

non polar covalent

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

an electrostatic attraction between a hydrogen atom in one polar molecule (as of water) and a small electronegative atom (as of oxygen, nitrogen, or fluorine) in usually another molecule of the same or a different polar substance

A

hydrogen bond

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

the amount heat one gram of a substance must absorb in order to raise its temperature one degree celsius

A

heat capacity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

water is the

A

solvent

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

the compounds dissolved/mixed in with the water are the

A

solute

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

water molecules stick together due to hydrogen bonding

A

cohesion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

attraction between water molecules and other molecules

A

adhesion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

water has a high or low heat capacity

A

high

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

key component of macromolecules (proteins,
carbohydrate, lipids and nucleic acids)

A

carbon

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
why carbon is unique
- It can form covalent bonds with up to four different atoms * This allows it to serve as the “backbone” for the macromolecules * Each carbon has four electrons in the outer shell * It forms four covalent bonds to “fill” the outer shell * This allows it to achieve the “octet rule”
25
classes of macromolecules
- carbohydrates - lipids - proteins - nucleic acids
26
monomer and function of carbs
monomer --> monosaccharide function --> provide energy to the body in the form of glucose
27
monomer and function of lipids
monomer --> fatty acids function --> long term energy storage, insulation, building blocks for hormones, component of cellular membranes
28
monomer and function of proteins
monomer --> amino acids function --> regulatory, structural, protective, transport, enzymes, toxins, hormones
29
monomer and function of nucleic acids
monomer --> nucleotides function --> DNA and RNA
30
main components of fats
- glycerol - fatty acids
31
- bad fats - may be associated with cardiovascular disease - no kink in chain
saturated fats
32
- good fats - kink in the chain (double bond causes kink)
unsaturated fats
33
- required but not synthesized by the body - must be part of diet - heart healthy fats - omega 3 and 6
fatty acids
34
molecule with two fatty acids and a modified phosphate group attached to a glycerol backbone
phospholipid
35
head
- hydrophilic - face outward
36
tail
- hydrophobic - face inward
37
chain of amino acids joined together in peptide linkages
polypeptide
38
changes in protein structure that leads to change in their function
denaturation
39
central dogma of life
look at photo
40
common components of all cells
- plasma membrane - cytoplasm - DNA - ribosomes
41
- lack membrane enclosed internal compartments (nucleus) - most have cell wall - examples: archaea and bacteria
prokaryotes
42
- have nucleus - have membrane bound organelles
eukaryotes
43
know the difference in looks of cell types
in photos!!!!
44
- phospholipid bilayer with embedded proteins - defines the outer border of cells and organelles - manages what enters and exits the cell - receives external signals and initiates cellular responses - adheres to neighboring cells
plasma membrane
45
- consists of organelles suspended in gel like cytosol plus the cytoskeleton - mostly water
cytoplasm
46
- usually only one per cell - usually the largest organelle - contains DNA
nucleus
47
- region inside nucleus where ribosomes are assembled
nucleolus
48
- assemble amino acids into proteins during protein synthesis
ribosomes
49
- site of cellular respiration - have their own DNA
mitochondria
50
- rigid protective structure external to the plasma membrane - provides structural support - gives shape to the cell
cell wall
51
- double membrane organelles - have their own DNA
chloroplasts
52
- interconnected membranous sacs and tubules - smooth and rough
endoplasmic reticulum
53
- modifies proteins
rough ER
54
- synthesizes lipids and carbs - detoxification of medications and poisons
smooth ER
55
- series of flattened membranes - sorts, packages, and tags lipids or proteins within transport vesicles to allow them to get to the right place
Golgi apparatus/Golgi body
56
- a mosaic of components that give the membrane a fluid character
fluid mosaic model
57
- transport that requires no energy
passive transport
58
- transport that requires energy (ATP)
active transport
59
- the diffusion of water across a membrane - moves from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration
osmosis
60
all chemical reactions of a cell or organism
metabolism
61
- reaction/pathway that requires energy and synthesize larger molecules
anabolic
62
- retain/pathway that releases energy and breaks down larger molecules into smaller ones
catabolic
63
types of energy
- kinetic - potential
64
objects in motion have (waterfall)
kinetic energy
65
objects that have the potential to move have (water behind dam)
potential energy
66
structure of ATP
- adenine - a sugar (ribose) - 3 phosphate groups
67
phosphate group transferred from ATP to another molecule
phosphorylation
68
the energy required for a reaction to proceed
activation energy
69
enzyme functions
catalyze (speed up) reactions by lowering the required activation energy
70
- vitamins - minerals - antioxidants
micronutrients
71
- most beneficial in whole foods - prevent cell damage by free radicals
antioxidants
72
- essential for cell and body functions - fluid balance - muscle contraction - conduction of nerve impulses - building bones and teeth
minerals
73
- usually function as coenzymes - help to speed up body's chemical reactions
vitamins
74
reactants of cellular respiration
- glucose - oxygen
75
products of cellular respiration
- carbon dioxide - water
76
steps of cellular respiration
77
reactants of photosynthesis
- carbon dioxide - water - light energy
78
products of photosynthesis
- glucose - oxygen
79
steps of photosynthesis
in photos!!!

Bio 102 (1 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions