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A&P 1 > Exam 1 > Flashcards

Exam 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Anatomy

A

Study of the structure of body parts and their relationship to one another

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2
Q

Physiology

A

Study of the function of body parts; how they work to carry out life-sustaining activities

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3
Q

Gross/Macroscopic anatomy

A

the study of large, visible structures

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4
Q

Regional anatomy

A

looks at all structures in a particular area
of the body

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5
Q

System anatomy

A

looks at just one system

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6
Q

Surface anatomy

A

looks at internal structures as they relate
to overlying skin (visible muscle masses or veins seen on surface)

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7
Q

Microscopic Anatomy

A

deals with structures too small to be seen by
naked eye

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8
Q

Cytology

A

cells

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9
Q

Histology

A

tissues

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10
Q

Developmental Anatomy

A

studies anatomical and physiological
development throughout life

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11
Q

Embryology

A

study of developments before birth

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12
Q

Interrelationship between anatomy and physiology

A
  • Function always reflects structure
  • What a structure can do depends on its specific form
  • Known as the principle of complementarity of structure and function
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13
Q

Chemical level

A

Atoms, molecules

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14
Q

Cellular level

A

cells, organelles

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15
Q

Tissue level

A

Types of tissues (epithelial, connective, muscle, nervous).

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16
Q

Organ level

A

Organs and their functions

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17
Q

Organ system level

A

Systems (e.g., cardiovascular, digestive).

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18
Q

Organismal level

A

whole organism

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19
Q

Nutrients

A

chemicals for energy and cell building

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20
Q

Carbohydrates

A

major source of energy

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21
Q

Proteins

A

needed for cell building and cell chemistry

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22
Q

Fats

A

long-term energy storage

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23
Q

Minerals and vitamins

A

involved in chemical reactions as well as for structural
purposes

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24
Q

Oxygen

A

Essential for release of energy from foods

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25
Water
Most abundant chemical in body; provides the watery environment needed for chemical reactions
26
Body Tempurature
If body temp falls below or goes above 37°C, rates of chemical reactions are affected
27
Atmospheric pressure
Specific pressure of air is needed for adequate breathing and gas exchange in lungs
28
Homeostasis
the maintenance of relatively stable internal conditions despite continuous changes in environment * A dynamic state of equilibrium, always readjusting as needed * Maintained by contributions of all organ systems
29
Receptor
senses the enviroment ex. pain, temperature
30
Control center
- recieves input - decides what needs to happen ex. brain and spinal chord
31
Effector (exit)
- output from the control center
32
Negative feedback (most common)
in opposition ex. going from hot to cold
33
Positive feedback
more of the same ex. after you get a cut, more platelets are formed
34
Superior
high, close to the head
35
Inferior
low, close to the feet
36
Anterior
front of body
37
Posterior
back of body
38
Medial
midline
39
lateral
further from the middle
40
proximal
nearer to the trunk of the body or point of attachment
41
distal
away from the trunk of the body or point of attachment
42
Ventral body cavity
contains the organs and is located in the front of the body
43
Dorsal body cavity
has the cranium and vertebrate
44
Cranial cavity
skull and brain
45
Spinal cavity
an anatomical space formed by the vertebral column that stores an integral portion of the central nervous system
46
Thoracic cavity
that contains your heart, lungs and other organs and tissues
47
Abdominopelvic
abdomen: containing the liver, gallbladder, stomach, spleen, pancreas, small and large intestines, kidneys, ureters pelvic: bladder, rectum, sigmoid colon, and reproductive organs
48
Energy
the capacity to do work
49
Matter
anything that had mass and occupies space
50
kinetic energy
energy in action
51
potential energy
stored (inactive) energy
52
States of matter
solid, liquid, gas and plasma
53
Chemical energy
Stored in bonds of chemical substances
54
Electrical energy
Results from movement of charged particles
55
Mechanical energy
Directly involved in moving matter
56
Radiant or electromagnetic energy
Travels in waves (example: heat, visible light, ultraviolet light, and X rays)
57
Elements
substances that cannot be broken down into simpler substances by ordinary chemical methods
58
Atoms
Unique building blocks for each element * Smallest particles of an element with properties of that element * Give each element its physical and chemical properties
59
Protons
positive
60
Neutrons
neutral
61
Electrons
negative
62
Ionic bond
electron transfer
63
Covent bond
electron sharing
64
Hydrogen bonds
weak interactions
65
Solution
solute particles are very tiny and do not settle out
66
Colloid
solute particles are larger and scatter light, do not settle out
67
Suspensions
solute particles are very large and settle out, and may scatter light
68
Decomposition (catabolic)
breaking down ex. AB --> A + B
69
Synthesis (anabolic)
bringing together ex. A + B --> AB
70
Exchange
also called displacement reactions, involve both synthesis and decomposition * Bonds are both made and broken
71
Activation Energy
Energy needed to start a reaction
72
Monosaccharides
one sugar
73
Disaccharides
two sugars
74
Polysaccharides
many sugars (formed by dehydration synthesis)
75
Triglycerides
fats when solid, oil when liquid
76
Phospholipids
modified triglycerides "head" and "tail"
77
Steroids
4 interlocking ring structures * cholesterol
78
Eicosanoids
* derived from a fatty acid found in cell membranes * most important eicosanoids are prostaglandins
79
Amino acids
linked together by peptide bonds
80

A&P 1 (1 decks)

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