Exam 1

Question 1

Define sentience.

Answer 1

The capacity to feel and perceive, how we create a subjective experience

Question 2

Define consciousness

Answer 2

Sentience plus sapience, our reasoning and creativity

Question 3

Define sapience.

Answer 3

The ability to rationalize and make decisions/analyze the situation.

Question 4

What is the difference between monism and dualism?

Answer 4

Monism is the belief that our conscious is defined solely by external factors and dualism is the belief our conscious is defined by both internal and external factors

Question 5

Define Wundt’s Heterogony of Ends.

Answer 5

An introspectionist perspective that our behavior and thoughts are an endless cycle of goals and actions

Question 6

Define Wundt’s voluntarism.

Answer 6

A form of introspectionist perspective that all of our thoughts shape our sensations

Question 7

Define William James’ pragmatism.

Answer 7

A form of introspectionist perspective that our perspective shapes our reality

Question 8

Define Wundt’s structuralism.

Answer 8

A reductionist belief of consciousness that it is sorted into categories within the mind

Question 9

Define modern cognitive psychology’s motivation.

Answer 9

A study the mind’s innerworkings through observable things

Question 10

What is an EEG?

Answer 10

The sticky net thing of magnets, measures the electric potentials present on the scalp

Question 11

What is an MEG?

Answer 11

The megamind tube, records magnetic fields produced by electrical activity of action potentials

Answer 12

levels of oxygenated hemoglobin

Question 13

What is a TMS?

Answer 13

The wand, a magnetic coil that disrupts neuron communication

Question 14

What is the difference between the CNS and PNS?

Answer 14

The CNS deals with the brain and PNS deals with the body

Question 15

What is the cerebral cortex for?

Answer 15

It is the wrinkly dark grey area of the brain

Question 15

What are the three types of neurons?

Answer 15

Motor neurons, interneurons, and sensory neurons

Question 16

What are the macro sections of the brain?

Answer 16

Frontal love, occipital love, parietal love, and temporal lobe

Question 16

What are the different parts of the brain stem?

Answer 16

Medulla, pons, midbrain, and thalamus

Question 17

What does the medulla do and where is it located?

Answer 17

breathing and heartrate, in the bottom of the stem

Question 17

What is the pons for and where is it located?

Answer 17

Postural and vital reflexes, middle section of the stem

Question 18

What is the midbrain for and where is it located?

Answer 18

Species typical movement patterns (just below the thalamus)

Question 19

What is the thalamus for and where is it located?

Answer 19

Routing and regulation of the information made in the brain stem, top of the stew

Question 20

What is the cerebellum for?

Answer 20

Posture, balance, and skilled movement of the hands and feet, surrounds the brain stem

Question 20

What is the basal ganglia for?

Answer 20

motor control, motor learning, and executive function, surrounds the brain stem

Question 21

What are the parts of the limbic system?

Answer 21

Amygdala, hippocampus, hypothalamus, and pituitary gland

Question 22

Define the Central-state theory.

Answer 22

Different drives in the brain come from different places

Question 22

What areas of the brain does the central-drive system come from?

Answer 22

Cortex, brain stem, limbic system, and endocrine system

Question 23

What are the three components of rewards?

Answer 23

Liking, wanting, and reinforcement

Question 23

What separates the brain from liking and wanting?

Answer 23

Dopamine fuels want and endorphins fuel like

Question 24

What parts of the brain are important for emotions?

Answer 24

amygdala and prefrontal cortex

Question 25

What is the corpus callosum for?

Answer 25

Top-down and bottom-up processing

Question 25

What is broca's area and wernicke's area?

Answer 25

Broca's = primary motor area Wernicke's = primary somatosensory area

Question 25

Define Broca's area.

Answer 25

Ability to speak

Question 25

Define Wernicke's area.

Answer 25

Comprehension of speech

Question 25

What is LTP?

Answer 25

Long-term potentiation, strengthening of synaptic connections through use

Question 26

Define encephalization.

Answer 26

The ratio between brain and body weight

Question 26

What is sensory transduction?

Answer 26

The change from a stimulus into a neural signal

Question 26

What receptors do we use for olfaction?

Answer 26

Cilium

Question 27

What is a distal vs a proximal stimulation?

Answer 27

Distal is exactly what the object is, proximal is what we did to perceive what the object was (sight, smell. touch)

Question 27

What parts of the brain are involved in the sensory process?

Answer 27

Temporal lobe, primary auditory area, occipital love, and primary visual area

Question 28

What is psychophysics?

Answer 28

The study of the relationship between physical characteristics of stimuli and the sensory experience produced

Question 28

What parts of the brain are related to olfaction?

Answer 28

Amygdala, hypothalamus, and hippocampus

Question 29

Trigeminal sense.

Answer 29

The sense that signals irritating food

Question 29

What is the somatosensory system?

Answer 29

The sense of touch and feel

Question 29

WHat is tactile sensation?

Answer 29

Non-painful touch

Question 30

What is nociceptive sensation?

Answer 30

Painful touch

Question 30

Define proprioception.

Answer 30

sense of bodily position

Question 31

Define thermoception.

Answer 31

Sense of temperature

Question 31

Who was Wilder Penfield?

Answer 31

Developed the somatotopic map

Question 31

What are meissner corpuscles?

Answer 31

Receptor for perceiving slip and maintaining grip

Question 31

Define merkel cells.

Answer 31

Receptor for perceiving pattern, texture, and shape

Question 31

Define pacinian corpuscles.

Answer 31

receptor for perceiving fine textures through vibrations

Question 31

Define ruffini endings.

Answer 31

Receptors for perceiving skin stretch

Question 32

What are the receptors for pain?

Answer 32

Nociceptors: A-delta fibers and C-fibers

Question 32

What is the difference between A-delta fibers and c-fibers?

Answer 32

A-delta is for sharp pain, myelinated axons, and c-fibers are for dull pain, nonmyelinated axons

Question 32

What are the temperature receptors?

Answer 32

Thermoceptors

Question 32

Define the vestibular system.

Answer 32

Sense of balance and contributes to our spatial awareness and coordination

Question 32

What is the main, mechanical component of the auditory system?

Answer 32

The cochlea

Question 32

What are the receptors in the auditory system?

Answer 32

Crista and macula

Question 32

What are the receptors required for vision?

Answer 32

Photoreceptors: rods and cones

Question 32

What is the difference between rods and cones?

Answer 32

Rods see motion and contrast while cones see color

Question 32

What produces our vision in the dark?

Answer 32

Scotopic vision

Question 33

What produces our vision in the light?

Answer 33

Photopic vision

Question 33

What is the difference between the dorsal and ventral pathways?

Answer 33

The dorsal pathway defines shapes and features (parietal region) and the ventral pathway perceives color and detail (temporal region)

Question 33

Define cortical magnification.

Answer 33

Better focus in the middle of the visual field than the sides

Question 33

Who do we complete objection recognition?

Answer 33

Perceptural organizations

Question 33

Define perceptual organization.

Answer 33

Defining the ends and edges of objects

Question 33

How do we have specialized vision?

Answer 33

Fusiform gyrus

Question 33

What are the three types of monocular static depth cues?

Answer 33

Position-based cues, size-based cues, and linear-based cues