Exam 1 Flashcards
electronegativity of C
2.5
electronegativity of N
3.0
electronegativity of H
2.1
electronegativity of O
3.5
nonpolar criteria
.4 or less
polar criteria
.5 or more
where on periodic table is most electronegative
top right is increasing electronegativity
pi bond
additional bonds on a double or triple
-double has 1 pi bonds
-triple has 2 pi bonds
sigma bond
first bond between 2 atoms
formal charge equation
FC= ve - (bonds + dots)
orbital if 4 things attached (bonds or lone pairs)
-sp3
-tetrahedral
orbital if 3 things attached (bonds or lone pairs)
-sp2
-trigonal planar
orbital if 2 things attached (bonds or lone pairs)
-sp
-linear
BP/MP prediction
stronger molecular attractions have higher melting + boiling points
intermolecular attractions strength order
- ionic
- hydrogen
- dipole-dipole
- london forces
ionic attraction
-strongest
-metal + nonmetal
metal and nonmetal on periodic table
metal on left (except H) and nonmetal on right
-“m comes before n”
dipole-dipole
-partial positive is attracted to partial negative
-has to be polar
hydrogen bond
-cannot have a C in it
-ex. O-H-:O, N-H-:N, O-H-:N, N-H-:O
london forces
-look for “heaviest” molecule
-ex. C>H
alkane mnemonic
1st vowel single bond
alkyne mnemonic
3rd(ish) vowel triple bond
alkene mnemonic
2nd vowel double bond
ether mnemonic
either are carbon
