EXAM 1

Question 1

In order for a nutrient to be essential it must meet which 3 criteria

Answer 1

1. found in cells 2. deficiency symptoms 3. biochemical function

Question 2

Covalent bonding is the BLANK of electrons

Answer 2

sharing

Question 3

Polar v non-polar bonding

Answer 3

Polar is the unequal sharing of electrons while non-polar is the equal sharing of electrons

Question 4

covalent bond

Answer 4

bond that shares electrons

Question 5

Hydrogen, atomic number and number of covalent bonds

Answer 5

AN: 1 CB: 1

Question 6

Is hydrogen polar or non-polar

Answer 6

non-polar

Question 7

Carbon’s number of covalent bonds

Answer 7

4

Question 8

Is carbon polar or non polar?

Answer 8

non-polar

Question 9

Nitrogen’s number of covalent bonds

Answer 9

5

Question 10

Is nitrogen polar or non-polar?

Answer 10

polar

Question 11

is oxygen polar or nonpolar?

Answer 11

Polar

Question 12

Oxygen’s number of covalent bonds

Answer 12

2

Question 13

Phosphorus’s number of covalent bonds

Answer 13

3-5

Question 14

Is phosphorus polar or non polar?

Answer 14

polar

Question 15

is Sulfur polar or non polar?

Answer 15

polar

Question 16

Sulfur’s number of covalent bonds

Answer 16

2

Question 17

— and — are at the center of the nucleus (atomic nucleus)

Answer 17

Protons and neutrons

Question 18

— Number on top and — number on the bottom

Answer 18

Mass, Atomic

Question 19

Isotopes

Answer 19

Different atomic forms of the same element (different number of neutrons)

Question 20

Hydrophillic

Answer 20

LOVES water! ex: sugar dissolves in water due to its strong attraction to water molecules

Question 21

Hydrophobic

Answer 21

FEARS water, like olive oil and water

Question 22

Lower the pH number the —acidic

Answer 22

more

Question 23

Covalent bonding

Answer 23

Sharing a pair of electrons with two atoms

Question 24

Hydrogen bonding

Answer 24

Attractive force of H covalently bonds to an electronegative atom

Question 25

Electronegative atom

Answer 25

Atom behavior that attracts electrons toward itself.

Question 26

Hydroxyl Group

Answer 26

one hydrogen and one oxygen atom (-OH or HO-)

Question 27

Carbonyl Group

Answer 27

carbon atom double-bonded to an oxygen atom (C=O)

Question 28

carboxyl group

Answer 28

carbon double bonded to an oxygen and single bonded to a hydroxyl group (R-COOH)

Question 29

Amino group

Answer 29

Nitrogen atom bonded to two hydrogen atoms (NH2)

Question 30

Hydroxyl Group, polar or non polar?

Answer 30

Polar. Because of Oxygen's high electronegativity

Question 31

Carbonyl Group, polar or non polar?

Answer 31

Polar. Because Oxygen has a higher electronegativity than carbon, meaning it attracts electrons more strongly in the C=O bond.

Question 32

carboxyl group, polar or non polar?

Answer 32

Polar. This is because oxygen atoms with high electronegativity.

Question 33

Amino group, polar or non polar?

Answer 33

Polar. Nitrogen atom within it is more electronegative than the hydrogen atoms it is bonded to

Question 34

sulfhydryl group

Answer 34

sulfur atom bonded to a hydrogen atom (R-SH", where "R" is any organic group)

Question 35

Phosphate group

Answer 35

phosphorus atom bonded to four oxygen atoms. (PO4)

Question 36

methyl group

Answer 36

one carbon atom bonded to three hydrogen atoms (CH3)

Question 37

sulfhydryl group, polar or non polar?

Answer 37

Polar.

Question 38

Phosphate group, polar or non polar?

Answer 38

Polar. The oxygen atoms are more electronegative than the phosphorous atom

Question 39

methyl group, polar or non polar?

Answer 39

Non-polar. Because the carbon-hydrogen bonds within it are nearly equally electronegative, resulting in an even distribution of electrons across the molecule, with no significant positive or negative poles