Exam 1 Flashcards

Question

Coercive (Intolerable) Acts

Answer 1

Boston Port Act- Port closed until EIC had been repaid for lost tea Quartering Act- Homes & other buildings could be used to house British troops. Administration of Justice Act- British officials accused of crimes in colonies tried in Britain Massachusetts Government Act- Political power in colonies held & all colonial appointments made by the King, town meetings allowed only once a year

Answer 2

Congress- appointed committee- Jefferson, Franklin and Adams Influenced by the ideas of many people

Answer 3

Religious leaders- John Winthrop and Roger Williams Winthrop- God is in charge, not governments or kings. Williams- Church and state should be separated. Philosophers – John Locke, Thomas Hobbes and Jean Jacque Rousseau Locke- Kings do not have absolute power. The people have basic rights of life, liberty and property and can overthrow government if those rights are threatened. ( People are innately good, they can be trusted. A strong central authority (government) controlling people is not needed.) Hobbes- People form a contract (agreement) together to create government. The people give power, not God. (People are bad, they cannot be trusted. A strong central authority is needed to control people.) (Quote - “Life is nasty, brutish and short.") Rousseau: Agreement between the people to create government is known as a social contract. The social contract is formed by the people; therefore government works for the people.

Answer 4

-Majority of Americans had this philosophy 1. Government must be a Republic; Political authority comes from the people -The people can define and limit government power through written constitutions -People can vote: property owning men--> all taxpaying white men could vote b. People have right to private property- 60-85% of Americans were private property owners c. Women are property of fathers, husbands and brothers (if father passes away and she is not married)

Answer 5

Created by Continental Congress in 1777- ratified by states in 1781 One House Congress. Each state has one vote- Smaller less-populated states have disproportionate power in lawmaking Most proposed legislation requires approval of 9 of 13 state- Most legislation is not passed (a simple majority would have been much better-7 votes) Only one branch of government- No judicial or executive branch No checks and balances. Legislative abuses are unchecked Congress cannot raise an army- Hampered the war effort; once the war was over, states were no longer willing to provide support Amendments to the Articles requires approval of all state legislatures- Articles were never changed and unable to meet the needs of the United States

Answer 6

Compromise between the Virginia and New Jersey Plans Virginia Plan (large state plan)- Congressional representation should be based on population, Congress should consist of two houses (Representatives and Senate), First house elects the second New Jersey Plan (small state plan)- Congressional representation should be equal- Congress should consist of one house Compromise: -Representation based on population in the House of Representatives ("lower house") -Each state has two representatives in the Senate- ("upper house")

Answer 7

-Result of the Great Compromise -States with low population found fault with the Great Compromise -threatened passage of the Constitution -Less populous states in the South/ More populous in the North; North would have more representation in the House -South feared northern domination of national economy/ north illegalizing slavery -Each slave counted as three-fifths of a person for purposes of representation

Answer 8

The Federalists - Did not want a Bill of Rights -Bill of rights not needed since government only has expressed power -All the rights the people need all already in the Constitution -Feared the naming of specific rights would lead an all-powerful government to take away any rights not specifically named Anti-Federalists- wanted a Bill of Rights -Bill of Rights would defend against abuse of implied power -A Bill of Rights would defend citizens from an all-powerful government

Answer 9

Thomas Jefferson, President 1800-1808- Founded Democratic- Republican Party/Jeffersonian Republicans. Largely antifederalists 1. Agrarian Republic -Farmers are the epitome of liberty for democracy -Spread out 2. Weak national government -Weak President, Congress and Courts -A large republic would be difficult for a strong national government to control. -Strong states 3. Economic Equality - Farmers will not be threatened by elites - Expansion -Big nation = more land for farms and liberty 4. Slavery OK - This issue unified farmers and white men in general 5. Low Spending and Taxes -This would stop the growth of a national government 6. Low US Debt o Small and weak national government would not spend and borrow

Exam 1 Flashcards

(33 cards)