Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Forensic Biology > Exam 1 > Flashcards

Exam 1 Flashcards

Learn (101 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

What is Forensic Science

A

The application of scientific principles/techniques to a legal investigation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Identifying Specimens based on what?

A

Class characteristics

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Collected Samples @ a crime scene

A

Unknown, Questioned, and Known

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Ways comparison can be done?

A

Searching a database or taking a known sample

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Class characteristics

A

Blood, Saliva, Fiber

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Important technique to be accepted into forensic field

A

Accepted by scientists in the field, and technique is admissible in court

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Legal Acceptance (United States)

A

Frye or Daubert

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Kansas Legal Acceptance

A

Adopted Daubert in 2014

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Validation 3 R’s

A

(R)eliable
(R)obust
(R)epeatable

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Scientific Acceptance

A

1.Been Validated
2. Method accepted in the field?
3. Standards in the field? (Negative and Positive controls)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Securing the scene

A

Perimeter
Permitted Authorization
Log of who has been in and out of the crime scene

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

PPE

A

Protect investigators from bodily fluids and prevent contamination of evidence

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Types of connections

A

Victim-to-perpetrator
victim-to-scene
perpetrator-to-scene

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Victim-to-perpetrator

A

Victims blood on a suspects clothes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Victim-to-scene

A

Fiber from sheet found in victim in dumpster

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Perpetrator-to-scene

A

Mud on shoes from riverbanks where dead body is found

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Locard Exchange Principle

A

Cross-transfer of evidence occurs when a perpetrator has any physical contact w/ another person or object

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Modus Operandi

A

Set of characteristics consistent w/ multiple crimes committed by the same person.
Helps establish a case-to-case linkage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Outdoor scenes

A

Grid or line patterns of searching

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Indoor Scene

A

benefit from climate control.
More places for things to be hidden

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Search for Biological Evidence

A

Alternative Light Source (ALS)
Chemiluminescent enhancement reagents

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Luminol

A

Enhances blood

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Biological Specimens

A

Bleach and plant peroxidases

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Crime Scene Photography

A

Make sure proper setting are used
Need to have reference items for size
3 types of pictures: Overall, Midrange, and Close-up

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Collecting Evidence
Documented Smaller items= crime lab Larger items=document Way evidence is packaged depends on its physical properties
26
Bloodstain Patterns
Needs to thoroughly document pattern of strain Could play a role in reconstruction
27
Trace Evidence
Hair and Fiber
28
Wet Evidence
Needs to be air-dried prior to collection Failure to do so could result in growing bacteria
29
Control Samples
Sample from an unstained area near the stain should be used as a control
30
Evidence Marking
Clearly Identifiable accomplished by being initiated, dated, and itemized When opened, it should be in a different spot and dated/initialed
31
Collecting Blood
Wet- Swab, FTA paper Dry- Swab, cutting, scraping, and lifting
32
Additional Sources of Biological Evidence
Victim Relatives Others in the area
33
Crime Scene Reconstruction
Looks at the morphology, sequence, and distribution of bloodstains May reveal sequence of events, location, intensity and more
34
Basics of Blood
8% of body weight Cellular- blood cells and platelets Liquid- Plasma
35
Bloodstain formation
Size, number, and intensity of the bloodstream can vary Viscosity, surface tension, cohesive force, and gravity
36
How does a bloodstain form
As the volume of blood increases, the drop stretches down
37
How does surface alter bloodstain pattern
Texture of the surface alters the appearance of the drop
38
Documentation of bloodstain
Sketches, photos, and videos Photo Parallel to surface to avoid distortion
39
Spatter stain analysis
Velocity and directionality influence the pattern of bloodstains Can be used to determine area of origin
40
SWGSTAIN definition
A bloodstain resulting from a blood drop dispersed though the air due to an external force applied to a source of liquid blood
41
Blood Stain size
Droplet size=force that is applied force increases=surface tension reduces=smaller droplet
42
Low impact drop
>4 mm in diameter dripping from a wound
43
Detection of Blood stain
if deposited at an angle between 0-90 degrees you can calculate the direction of the blood @ the time of depositing
43
Medium Impact drop
1-4 mm in diameter beating/stabbing
43
High Impact drop
<1 mm in diameter gunshot
44
Parent Stain
spatter stain is an elongated ellipse
45
Satellite Stain
Smaller blood stains near the parent stain
46
Spine
portion of the blood stain that is the pointed edge away from the parent stain Points towards the direction of travel for the blood stains
47
90 degree blood stain
circle
48
50 degree blood stain
circular but has satellite stains
49
20 degree blood stain
has a small spine
50
10 degree blood stain
dripping blood stain with a spine
51
Formula for determining the angle of impact
sin a(= (w/l)
52
Types of bloodstain patterns
passive, transfer, and projected
53
Passive Bloodstains
Formed by bleeding a drip stain drip trail pod patterns
54
Transfer bloodstains
resulting from contact between a blood-bearing surface and another surface Swipe or wipe can tell size, shape, and pattern
55
Projected Bloodstains
Resulting from the transfer of blood from a blood bearing surface onto another surface Impact and arterial result of a weapon use in the assault/homicide
56
Biological sample why it varies
the type of crime amount of time between the crime and discovery of evidence the location of the crime
57
Biological evidence
bodily fluids and tissues
58
Baseball Bat
Handle Skin cells, sweat, blood, tissue
59
Bite mark
Skin surface Saliva
60
Sources of DNA profiling
Blood- 86.1 Semen-92.1 Saliva- 37.2 Cigarette Butts- 73.5 Chewing gum- 71.2 Hair- 18.1 Transferred- 12.4
61
Bases of DNA
A,T,C,G
62
In forensics terms, DNA means
Nuclear DNA
63
Cell Types
Sex Cells- Sperm and Oocytes Somatic Cells- Other types
64
Sex Cells
Gametes- Spermatozoa and Ova each gamete is a haploid: single set of chromosomes; 22 autosomes
65
Somatic Cells
Most other cells (non-sex) in the body These are diploid cells 46 chromosomes
66
Cells without nuclei
Nulliploid: red blood cells and platelets
67
Cells with more than 2 chromosomes
polyploid: regenerating cells of the liver
68
Blood consists of
plasma, red blood cells (erythrocytes), white blood cells (leukocytes), and platelets
69
Transcellular Fluids
Saliva, seminal fluids, and vaginal secretions found in extracellular fluid Ex- Buccal cells in saliva
70
Extracellular Nucleic Acids
Non-compartmentalized fluids like plasma
71
Skin evidence
Fingerprints and Shed skin
72
Latent Fingerprints
Arch, Loop, and Whorl
73
Skin biology
consists of different layers (distal to proximal)
74
Epidermis
outer layer of skin; contains melanin
75
Dermis
Middle layer of skin; contains hair follicles, sweat glands, blood, lymph vessels, and nerves
76
Subcutaneous layer
Deepest layer; contains collagen networks and adipose tissue
77
Epidermal layers
Basal, spinous, granular, and cornified
78
Hair characteristics
Color, species, identification, and type
79
Hair shaft
keratinized cylindrical structure
80
Medulla
Center
81
Cortex
Middle Section; contains pigment
82
Cuticle
Outer layer; overlapping cells that protect the cortex and medulla
83
Keratin
Fibrous structure protein Used to protect epithelial cells from damage Shell of a turtle claws of reptiles
84
Hair growth phases
Anagen, Catagen, and Telogen
85
Anagen Phase
hair growth occurs
86
Catagen Phase
begins when cell death occurs
87
Telogen phase
stage of rest
88
hair for DNA analysis
root needs to be present
89
Bone anatomy
206 bones in adult
90
Long shaft bone 3 parts
Outer layer of cortical (compact) bone: solid and strong Marrow Cavity: Formed inside the bone; filled with bone marrow Epiphysis: ends of bone; made up of spongy bone
91
Bones contain cells inside of an _____
Extra cellular matrix
92
Protects the fibrous proteins (organic)
a hard matrix (inorganic)
93
Inorganic matrix consists of
calcium and phosphate
94
Organic Matrix consists of
collagens (insoluble fibrous proteins)
95
Developing bones contain
osteoprogenitor cells; produce osteoblasts and osteoclasts
96
Osteoblasts
regulate calcifications of the bone matrix
97
Osteoclasts
dissolve and recycle the bone matrix; contains lots of nuclei
98
Anatomy of teeth
Organic and inorganic matrix
99
Teeth for DNA analysis
Use the root portion of the tooth

Forensic Biology (3 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions