exam 1

Question 1

articulation

Answer 1

the formation of clear and distinct sound (think of SODAs)

Question 2

phonology

Answer 2

the sound system of a language and the rules that govern the sound combinations (think of phonological processes)

Question 3

syntax

Answer 3

arrangement of words and phrases to create sentences

Question 4

semantics

Answer 4

connected with meaning

Question 5

what is the difference between monophthong and diphthong vowels?

Answer 5

a monophthong vowel is pronounced as a single vowel sound, like the a in cat, a diphthong is two vowel sounds in a syllable, like the oy in boy or oi in coin

Question 6

What are SODAs?

Answer 6

substitution, omissions, additions, distortions

Question 7

what is place?

Answer 7

where the sound is being made

Question 8

what is voice?

Answer 8

voiced or unvoiced, vibration of the vocal chords

Question 9

what is manner?

Answer 9

how the sound is made

Question 10

example of substitution

Answer 10

“thing” for sing
“wabbit” for rabbit

Question 11

example of omission

Answer 11

“cu” for cup
“poon” spoon

Question 12

example of additions

Answer 12

“buhlack” for black
“puh-lay” for play

Question 13

example of distortion

Answer 13

“fiss” for fish
“hith” for hiss

Question 14

what type of disorders is SODA related to?

Answer 14

articulation

Question 15

phoneme

Answer 15

sounds that are a part of a language system

Question 16

allophone

Answer 16

variation of the same sound that retains meaning
example: the first p in pop is aspirated while the second one isn’t but it’s the same letter

Question 17

suprasegmentals

Answer 17

stress, intonation, loudness, pitch, vocal punctuation

Question 17

coarticulation

Answer 17

the influence sounds exert on other sounds

Question 18

phonotactics

Answer 18

allowable sound combinations in a given language

Question 19

sensory information

Answer 19

auditory feedback loop, tactile, visual

Question 20

4 systems required for speech

Answer 20

1. respiration
2. phonation
3. articulation
4. resonation
   how would you use each to produce /d/?

Question 21

characteristics of a newborn larynx

Answer 21

close to the chin
soft and squishy
disproportionately large tongue

Question 22

what percentage warrants intervention?

Answer 22

40% or above

Question 23

vocalization

Answer 23

any sound

Question 23

perceptual development in infants

Answer 23

- can discriminate differences in speech sounds - categorical perception - relationship to language - can discriminate difference between native and non-native sounds

Question 24

verbalization

Answer 24

has relationship to language (word approximations)

Question 25

2nd stage of prelinguistic development

Answer 25

cooing: - 2-4 months - vowel like sounds

Question 25

1st stage of prelinguistic development

Answer 25

reflexive: - 0-2 months - vegetative - crying, coughing, yawning

Question 26

3rd stage of prelinguistic development

Answer 26

vocal play: - 4-6 months - pitch variation - squealing, raspberries

Question 27

4th stage of prelinguistic development

Answer 27

babbling: - 6+ months - reduplicated (bababa) - non-reduplicated (badabada)

Question 28

5th stage of prelinguistic development

Answer 28

jargon: - 10+ months - babbling with adult like pitch variations

Question 29

functional speech sound disorder

Answer 29

no known cause

Question 29

organic speech sound disorder

Answer 29

known cause (cleft palate, hearing related)

Question 30

what percent intelligibility should a 3 year old have?

Answer 30

75%

Question 31

difference between a difference and disorder

Answer 31

a difference is like a dialect while a disorder is what it is

Question 32

early 8 sounds

Answer 32

m, d, w, p, j, h, b, n (think of mom, dad)

Question 33

middle 8 sounds

Answer 33

t, ng, k, g, f, v, juh, dge

Question 34

/apo/ for apple

Answer 34

vowelization

Question 35

what is the primary function of a newborn larynx

Answer 35

protection

Question 36

late 8 sounds

Answer 36

sh, th, s, z, k, l, r (think of how many kids struggle with l and r)

Question 37

what is intelligibility?

Answer 37

how well someone is understood

Question 38

what is a tonal language? example?

Answer 38

a language where a different tone can change the meaning of a word mandarin

Question 39

backing

Answer 39

"gog" for dog

Question 40

fronting

Answer 40

"tootie" for cookie

Question 41

gliding

Answer 41

"wabbit" for rabbit "yeyo" for yellow

Question 41

stopping

Answer 41

"pan" for fan "dump" for jump

Question 42

affrication

Answer 42

"joor" for door

Question 42

vowelization

Answer 42

"appo" for apple "papuh" for paper

Question 43

deaffrication

Answer 43

"ships" for chips

Question 44

alveolarization

Answer 44

"tu" for shoe

Question 45

depalatalization

Answer 45

"fit" for fish

Question 46

labialization

Answer 46

"pie" for tie

Question 47

assimilation

Answer 47

"bub" for bus

Question 48

denasalization

Answer 48

"doze" for nose think of a cold

Question 49

final consonant devoicing

Answer 49

"pick" for pig

Question 50

prevocalic voicing

Answer 50

"gomb" for comb

Question 51

coalescence

Answer 51

"foon" for spoon

Question 52

reduplication

Answer 52

"baba" for bottle

Question 53

cluster reduction

Answer 53

"pane" for plane

Question 54

final consonant deletion

Answer 54

"toe" for toad

Question 55

initial consonant deletion

Answer 55

"unny" for funny

Question 56

weak syllable deletion

Answer 56

"nana" for banana

Question 57

epenthesis

Answer 57

"buh-lue" for blue