Exam #1

Question 1

The four spheres are:

Answer 1

Atmosphere: gasses that surround our planet from the surface to space

Biosphere: all living things

Geosphere: All rocks, minerals, soils, etc

and hydrosphere: All of earths water

Question 2

gasses that surround our planet from the surface to space

Answer 2

Atmosphere

Question 3

all living things

Answer 3

Biosphere

Question 4

All rocks, minerals, soils, etc

Answer 4

Geosphere

Question 5

All of earths water

Answer 5

hydrosphere

Question 6

A set of things working together as a parts of a mechanism or an interconnecting network

What is this called?

Answer 6

A System

Question 7

An _____ system freely exchanges both matter and energy with its environment

(example, ocean, receives water and sediment from rivers, and rain, and then evaporation. Receives energy from sun and can re-emmitt that back into the world)

Answer 7

open

Question 8

A ______ system ONLY exchanges energy with its environment, NO MATTER (solar system as an example)

Answer 8

closed

Question 9

A lake is a ____ system

Answer 9

open

Question 10

a balloon (over a short period of time) is an ____ system

Answer 10

closed

Question 11

a flower is an _____ system

Answer 11

open

Question 12

a thermos of hot soup is a _____ system

Answer 12

closed

Question 13

Movement of matter and energy between spheres or between reservoirs (storehouses) within a sphere

What is this called? (starts with F)

Answer 13

Flux

Question 14

The ____ of flux varies drastically between spheres and with different types of matter

Answer 14

rate

Question 15

the recharge is GREATER than the discharge

This is a p_____ flux

Answer 15

positive flux

Question 16

discharge is greater than the recharge (such as a draught)

this is a n______ flux

Answer 16

negative flux

Question 17

The earth formed ____ billion years ago in a process that took approximately _ to __ million years

Answer 17

4.6 billion

5 to 20 million years

Question 18

The earth formed __ billion years ago

Answer 18

4.6

Question 19

Collision with a smaller planet (Theia) created the ____

Answer 19

moon

Question 20

Cooling and density contrasts lead to formation of the earth’s L____s

Answer 20

layer’s

Question 21

What are the four major layers of the earth?

1) S____ I____ C____
2) M____ (liquid) Ou__ C____
3) M____ S____ M___
4) S___ C____

Answer 21

Solid inner core

Molten (liquid) outer core

Mostly solid mantle

Solid crust

Question 22

The m_____ nature of early earth allowed for chemically and physically distinct layers to develop due to density differentiation

(hint: liquid)

Answer 22

molten

Question 23

Evidence for density and elemental composition of the earths layers is found how?

Answer 23

Seismic waves (density changes and solid-liquid state)

Question 24

Which seismic wave is this?
P wave?
S wave?
or surface wave?

fastest wave, can go through both solids and liquids

Answer 24

p-wave

Question 25

Which seismic wave is this? P wave? S wave? or surface wave? (slower, cannot go through liquids)

Answer 25

S-waves

Question 26

Which seismic wave is this? P wave? S wave? or surface wave? (worst waves for earthquakes)

Answer 26

surface wave

Question 27

The Scientific process starts with an O_______n

Answer 27

observation

Question 28

a piece of evidence, data, measurement What is this? starts with an O

Answer 28

Observation

Question 29

a proposed explanation or prediction to explain an observation(s) that can be tested but has not been proven what is this? (Example: "Objects of diferent masses fall at the same exhilaration")

Answer 29

Hypothesis

Question 30

T___ts can be designed to negate, prove, or indicate the hypo need to be refine

Answer 30

tests

Question 31

___ describes what will happen under certain conditions, but not how or why; can often be reduced to a mathematical equation

Answer 31

Law

Question 32

general principles that explain the how and why of multiple observations and has been tested and proven many times what is this?

Answer 32

scientific theory

Question 33

Scientific theory

Answer 33

general principles that explain the how and why of multiple observations and has been tested and proven many times

Question 34

Hypothesis

Answer 34

a proposed explanation or prediction to explain an observation(s) that can be tested but has not been proven

Question 35

The San Andres Fault is a t________ boundary

Answer 35

transform

Question 36

The last supercontinent was p______, which formed 300 m.y.a.

Answer 36

pangaea

Question 37

when was pangaea formed? ____ m.y.a

Answer 37

300

Question 38

H____sp__s (like hawaii) are regions with long-lived, relatively fixed areas of melting originating within the mantle

Answer 38

hotspots

Question 39

What creates the result of : chain of islands, seamounts and inactive volcanos

Answer 39

hotspots

Question 40

Hawaiian islands, yellowstone, and iceland are _______s

Answer 40

hotspots

Question 41

There would likely be little to no oxygen without ____

Answer 41

Life

Question 42

Earths's layers (surface to center) 1) C___ 2) L____ 3) A_______ 4) M____ 5) O___ C____ 6) I___ C____

Answer 42

Crust (continentals and ocean) Lithosphere Asthenosphere Mantle Outer Core Inner Core