Exam 1 Flashcards
(109 cards)
1
Q
list 7 constitutional symptoms
A
fatigue
weakness
fever
chills
night sweats
weight changes
pain
2
Q
what temperature is a fever?
A
100.4F or 38C
3
Q
what do chills indicate for temperature?
A
rising temperature
4
Q
what does sweaty indicate for temperature?
A
falling temperature
5
Q
list temperature routes and relative differences
A
pulmonary artery-gold standard
rectal- higher than oral
tympanic- higher than oral
oral- lower than core body temp
axillary- lower than oral
temporal- lower than oral
6
Q
what factors might influence temperature?
A
time of day
recent exposures
smoking
technique/ route
medications
7
Q
what 2 conditions might night sweats indicate?
A
TB or malignancy
8
Q
BMI 25-29
A
overweight
9
Q
BMI >30
A
obese
10
Q
define weight loss
A
unintentional 5% loss or more over 6 mo
11
Q
consequence of BP cuff being too narrow
A
false elevated pressure
12
Q
consequence of cuff too wide on small arm
A
false low
13
Q
consequence of cuff too wide on large arm
A
false high
14
Q
normal BP
A
<120 / <80
15
Q
elevated BP
A
120-129 / <80
16
Q
stage 1 HTN BP
A
130-139 / 80-89
17
Q
stage 2 HTN BP
A
> 140 / >90
18
Q
normal HR
A
60- 90 to 100 bpm
19
Q
normal RR
A
20 breaths per min
20
Q
normal core body temp
A
37C or 98F
21
Q
this type of pain is associated with tissue damage, lasts less than 3-6mo, and resolves as an injury heals
A
acute pain
22
Q
this type of pain is not associated with cancer or other conditions that persist more than 3-6mo. this is pain lasting more than one month beyond course of acute illness or injury, it may recur at certain intervals of moths or years
A
chronic pain
23
Q
this type of pain is linked to tissue damage of the skin, muscoskeletal system, or viscera
A
nociceptive (somatic)
24
Q
what type of pain is sensitized by inflammatory mediators and psychological processes and neurotransmitters?
A
nociceptive (somatic)
25
what type of pain is described as dull, pressing, pulling, throbbing, boring, spasmodic, or colicky?
nociceptive (somatic)
26
this type of pain is linked to lesion or disease affecting the somatosensory system
neuropathic pain
27
this type of pain may become independent of cause and may include referred pain and "neuronal plasticity"
neuropathic pain
28
what type of pain is described as burning, stabbing, shock like, or pins and needles?
neuropathic
29
list several functions of the skin
protection
retains fluid
body temp
synthesis of vitamin D
30
what are the "appendages" of the skin?
hair
nails
sebaceous glands
sweat glands
31
what pigment is brownish, genetically determined, and increased with sunlight?
melanin
32
what pigment is golden yellow, present in fat and heavily keratinized areas which includes palms and soles?
carotene
33
what pigment circulates in RBCs and carries most of the oxygen?
hemoglobin
34
which pigment is bright red and predominates in the arteries and capillaries?
oxyhemoglobin
35
which pigment is darker and bluer in pigment and is responsible for cyanosis?
deoxyhemoglobin
36
what pigment is yellow-brown and is a breakdown product of heme?
billirubin
37
this type of cyanosis occurs because oxygen levels in the arterial blood flow is low
central
38
this type of cyanosis occurs when oxygen levels are normal or moderately low and when cutaneous blood flow slows or decreases
peripheral cyanosis
39
this type of hair is short, fine, inconspicuous and relatively unpigmented
vellus hair
40
this type of hair is thick, more conspicuous and usually pigmented
terminal hair
41
list 3 types of hair loss
alopecia areata
trichotillomania
tinea capitis
42
this type of sweat gland is widely distributed, opens directly to skin surface, and is important for body temp regulation
eccrine glands
43
this type of sweat gland is present in the axilla and genital regions, usually opens onto hair follicles and bacterial decomposition of the sweat leads to body odor
apocrine glands
44
this is a method of viewing skin lesions with a magnifier using either oil or gel interface or cross polarizing light filters
*limits the amount of reflected light so that it's easier to visualize deeper pigmented or vascular structures
dermoscopy
45
this is 80% of all skin cancer, it's usually in sun exposed areas, it grows slowly and almost never metastasizes
appearance- pearly erythematous translucent papules or as subtle red macules
basal cell carcinoma
46
this is 16% of all skin cancer, it's composed of more mature cells usually resembling spinous layer of epidermis
appearance- crusted hyperkeratotoic with rough surface of flat reddish patches with inflamed or ulcerated appearance
squamous cell carcinoma
47
this is the least common type of skin cancer, is the most lethal, and spreads rapidly to lymph system
malanoma
48
what is ABCDE when referring to skin cancer?
Asymmetry
Borders- ragged, notched, or blurred
Colors- more than 2
Diameter- >6mm
Evolution and elevation- changes in size or morphology
49
true or false- intermittent sun exposure is more harmful than chronic exposure
true
50
this artery is a branch of the external carotid artery and lies in front of the ear and supplies the upper and lateral parts of the scalp
superficial temporal artery
51
what are acanthosis nigricans and skin tags associated with?
insulin resistance
52
these lymph nodes have the highest risk of malignancy
supraclavicular
53
which lymph node may indicate cancer in the mediastinum, lungs, or esophagus?
right sided supraclavicular node
54
which lymph node receives the thorax, abdomen, testes, ovaries, kidneys, pancreas, stomach, and gallbladder?
left sided supraclavicular node (Virchow's)
55
what disease is exophthalmos associated with?
Graves disease (hyperthyroidism)
56
nearsightedness
myopia
57
farsightedness
hyperopia
58
imperfection of the cornea or lens causing distortion
astigmatism
59
legally blind
20/200
60
list 2 visual acuity tests
snellen chart- stand 20ft away
rosenbaum chart- 14in from pt's eyes
61
visual field test
static finger wiggle test
62
vision- color function test
pseudoisochromatic (ishihara) color plates
63
lesion location that leads to complete loss in right eye
R optic nerve lesion
64
list the effect and the location of lesion for bitemporal hemianopia
effect- bilateral peripheral vision loss
lesion location- optic chiasm
65
list the effect and location of lesion for left nasal hemianopia
effect- loss of medial vision of left eye
location- lateral to the optic chiasm
66
list the effect and location for right homonymous hemianopia
effect- loss of right vision field bilaterally
location- lesion at L optic tract
67
miosis
constricted pupil
68
mydriasis
dilation of pupils
69
anisocoria
unequal pupil sizes >0.4mm
70
what 3 things does the pupillary near reaction test?
convergence, lens shape, pupil size
71
what are 4 aspects of Horner's syndrome?
Ptosis
Anhydrosis
Miosis
Anisocoria
72
this is a condition where the affected pupil is larger than the other and responds to accommodation and convergence in a slow fashion and only responds to light only after prolonged expoure
Adie's pupil (tonic pupil)
73
this pupil condition is usually bilateral, the pupils are small, and constrict with near vision and dilate with far vision but do not react to light
argyll robertson
74
explain marcus gunn pupils
when light is shone in affected eye, it and the contralateral eye will dilate
75
what does the swinging flashlight test test for?
functional impairment of the optic nerves (when light shone in affected eye, both pupils will dilate)
76
which CN controls the lateral rectus?
CN6- abducens
77
which CN controls the superior oblique?
CN4- trochlear
78
this eye condition is noticed when a rim of the sclera is visible above the iris with downward gaze
lid lag
79
in this eyelid condition, the upper lids sag and cover the sclera
ptosis
80
what 2 conditions is ptosis seen in?
horner's syndrome and myasthenia gravis
81
name and function of CN1
olfactory
sensory
smell
82
name and function of CN2
optic
sensory
vision
83
name and function of CN3
oculomotor
motor
most eye movements
84
name and function of CN4
trochlear
motor
moves eye down and out
85
name and function of CN5
trigeminal
both motor and sensory
face sensation and mastication
86
CN6 name and function
abducens
motor
outward movement of eye
87
CN7 name and function
facial
both motor and sensory
facial expression, taste
88
CN8 name and function
vestibulocochlear
sensory
hearing and balance
89
CN9 name and function
glossopharyngeal
both sensory and motor
taste, gag reflex
90
CN10 name and function
vagus
both sensory and motor
PS innervation
91
CN11 name and function
accessory
motor
shoulder shrug
92
CN12 name and function
hypoglossal
motor
swallowing, speech
93
CN1 test
smell out of each nostril
ex- coffee beans
94
CN2 test
snellen
color
visual fields
fundoscopy
reflexes/ light reaction
95
CN3 test
EOM- make a big "H"
96
CN4 test
EOM- make a big "H"
97
CN5 tests
palpate temporal and masseter muscles while asking pt to clench teeth
move jaw side to side
test sensory of forehead, cheeks, and jaw
corneal reflex- corneal sensitivity test with wisp of cotton
98
CN6 test
EOMs
99
CN7 tests
raise eyebrows
close eyes against resistance
frown and smile
show upper and lower teeth
puff out both cheeks
100
CN8 test
gross hearing test (whisper test)
weber-rinne if unilateral HL
101
CN9 test
gag reflex
102
CN10 test
"ahhhh"
103
CN11 tests
shrug test- trapezius
turn head to each side against resistance- SCM
104
CN12 test
stick out tongue and move side to side
105
what happens to tongue with a CN12 upper motor neuron lesion?
tongue deviates away from lesion
106
what happens to tongue with a CN12 lower motor neuron lesion?
tongue deviates towards the lesion
107
list 2 CN2 and CN3 tests
pupillary light reaction- direct and consensual
pupillary near reaction- accommodation, convergence, lens accommodation
108
list 3 CN3, CN4, and CN6 tests
hirschberg/ corneal light reflex
EOMs
cover and uncover test
109
list 2 CN3, CN4, CN6, CN7 and CN8 tests
oculocephalic reflex- doll's eyes
cold calorics- normal is slow, then fast nystagmus
