exam 1

Question 1

how many bones is the cranium made out of?

Answer 1

8

Question 2

bones in the cranium

Answer 2

connected by immovable joints. names of bones align with the lobes of the brain.

Question 3

what is the function of the cranium?

Answer 3

protects the brain

Question 4

foramen magnum

Answer 4

allows spinal cord to descend out of the base of the cranium

Question 5

what are the meninges?

Answer 5

layers of tissue that are between the brain and the skull (outside the brain) that encase the whole CNS

Question 6

what is the order of meninges

Answer 6

skull, dura mater, arachnoid, pia mater, brain tissue

Question 7

why are the meninges important?

Answer 7

support CNS

Question 8

dura mater

Answer 8

hard layer that supports the blood vessels that carry blood to and from the brain

Question 9

arachnoid

Answer 9

spider web like structure that connects the dura and pia maters. blood vessels pass through the “webbing”

Question 10

pia mater

Answer 10

thinnest layer that adheres close to the brain tissue. can’t be removed without damaging the tissue itself.

Question 11

ventricles

Answer 11

4 structures that produce CSF

Question 12

Cerebral Spinal Fluid

Answer 12

flows down around the spinal cord and through the subarachnoid space. eventually absorbed into the bloodstream

Question 13

what is the purpose of CSF?

Answer 13

supplies the brain and helps clear waste. serves as a cushion for the brain. helps maintain intercranial pressure

Question 14

cerebrum

Answer 14

divided into left and right hemispheres. made up of gyri and sulci. responsible for all cognitive and volitional motor tasks

Question 15

corpus collosum

Answer 15

connects the left and right hemispheres

Question 16

sulci and gyri

Answer 16

ridges and grooves in the surface of the cortex. help dramatically increase the surface area of the cortex

Question 17

lateral/sylvian fissure

Question 18

longitudinal fissure

Question 19

central sulcus

Question 20

grey matter

Answer 20

the outermost layer of the brain. closely packed neuron cell bodies. neurons in the same area often serve related functions

Question 21

white matter

Answer 21

made up of the axions of the neurons. generally organized into bundles or tracts that have similar functions

Question 22

what does each cortical lobe have?

Answer 22

at least one primary cortex and association cortex

Question 23

how many lobes have a sensory primary cortex?

Answer 23

3

Question 24

association cortex

Answer 24

generally provides a refining and integrative function

Question 25

frontal lobe structures

Answer 25

prefrontal cortex, precentral gyrus, broca's area

Question 26

function of frontal lobe

Answer 26

motor planning, movement (primary motor cortex), expressive language, personality and emotional regulation, executive functioning

Question 27

prefrontal cortex

Answer 27

executive functioning, cognition, decision making, personality. vulnerable to injury. continues to mature through age 24

Question 28

primary motor cortex

Answer 28

located on the precentral gyrus. responsible for initiating volitional movements. body parts requiring fine and coordinated movements have the largest representation on the motor strip. damage to this cortex will cause hemiparesis (weakness/paralysis)

Question 29

premotor cortex

Answer 29

responsible for planning volitional motor movements. damage is associated with apraxia (motor planning/sequencing disorder).

Question 30

broca's area

Answer 30

responsible for expressive language, syntax, planning verbal output