Exam 1

Question 1

Magnification

Answer 1

The extent of enlargement

Question 2

Total magnification

Answer 2

Objective power × Ocular power

Question 3

Objective lens

Answer 3

The real image, the rotating ones (4, 10, 40, 100)

Question 4

Ocular lens

Answer 4

Magnified to form virtual image

Question 5

Resolving power

Answer 5

Ability to show detail

Question 6

Resolution

Answer 6

The capacity to distinguish 2 adjacent objects

Question 7

What wavelengths are best for resolution

Answer 7

Short wave length

Question 8

Brightfield

Answer 8

Mostly used
Specimen is dark, background is bright

Question 9

Darkfield

Answer 9

Bright specimen, dark background

Question 10

Phase contrast

Answer 10

Best for intercellular structures
Changes in light waves passing through specimen

Question 11

Fluorescent

Answer 11

Best for diagnosing infections
Uses dye and UV light

Question 12

Scanning confocal

Answer 12

Uses laser beam to scan specimen

Question 13

Electron microscopy

Answer 13

5,000× - 1,000,000× power

Question 14

2 types of electron microscopy

Answer 14

1.) Transmission electron microscope
2.) Scanning electron microscope- 3d view

Question 15

Wet mounts/ hanging drop mount

Answer 15

For examining characteristics like size, shape, arrangement, or motility

Question 16

Fixed mount

Answer 16

Made by drying slide (microincinerator) and uses stains to visualize cell parts

Question 17

I’s of culturing microbes

Answer 17

Inoculation
Isolation
Incubation
Inspection
Information gathering
Identification

Question 18

Agar

Answer 18

Most common solidifying agent

Question 19

Nutrient broth

Answer 19

Liquid containing beef extract and peptone

Question 20

Nutrient agar

Answer 20

Contains beef extract, peptone, and agar

Question 21

Synthetic

Answer 21

Pure organic and inorganic compounds in EXACT chemical formula

Question 22

Nonsynthetic (complex)

Answer 22

At least one ingredient that is NOT chemically defined

Question 23

General purpose media

Answer 23

Grows broad range of microbes, usually nonsynthetic

Question 24

Enriched media

Answer 24

Complex organic substances like blood, serum, special growth factors

Question 25

Selective media

Answer 25

Growth of desired microbes

Question 26

Differential media

Answer 26

Growth of several types of microbes with visible differences

Question 27

Carbohydrate fermentation medium

Answer 27

Contains sugars that ferments, converts to acids, and a pH indicator to show reaction

Question 28

2 major apendages

Answer 28

Motility. Flagella (axial filaments) Attachments/channels (Fimbriae, pili)

Question 29

Glycocalyx and types

Answer 29

Surface coating made of sugar/protein Protects from dehydration Slime layer- loosely attached and not organized Capsule- tightly attached and organized

Question 30

Flagella

Answer 30

Filament- long thin, composed of protein flagella Hook- curved sheath Basal body- stack of rings firmly anchored in cell wall Rotates 360 For motility

Question 31

Fimbriae

Answer 31

Fine, proteinaceous , hair like bristles attached to cell. Used to adhere to other cells and surfaces

Question 32

Pili

Answer 32

Flexible, tubular, made of pilin protein. Only in gram neg cells Used to join bacterial cells for dna transfer