Exam 1

Question 1

When did crop and animal production have a peak?

Answer 1

2014

Question 2

What is Indiana’s crop/animal ratio?

Answer 2

2/3 crop 1/3 animal

Question 3

What is axis bias?

Answer 3

changing the axis on a chart to emphasize a point being made

Question 4

Livestock production in the US is now:

Answer 4

1. highly efficient
2. more output, less farms
3. largely vertically integrated

Question 5

Sheep chromosome diploid #

Answer 5

54

Question 6

Goat chromosome diploid #

Answer 6

60

Question 7

What is a chimera?

Answer 7

lab made “cross” between a sheep and goat, each cell is individually one species but comprised of both

Question 8

Classification of sheep

Answer 8

Ovis aries

Question 9

When were sheep domesticated?

Answer 9

6,000 BC

Question 10

Originator sheep breed?

Answer 10

Mouflon

Question 11

Why does height of sheep matter?

Answer 11

Taller they are, cooler their body will be

Question 12

Sheep castrated male

Answer 12

wether

Question 13

Sheep adult male

Answer 13

ram

Question 14

Sheep adult female

Answer 14

ewe

Question 15

Sheep meat breeds

Answer 15

tend to be large: cheviot, dorset, hampshire, shropshire, southdown, suffolk, texel, tunis

Question 16

Sheep fine wool breeds

Answer 16

where wool we wear comes from: delaine-merino, rambouillet

Question 17

Sheep long wool breeds

Answer 17

for knitting wool, some of the original sheep that were brought over: cotswold, lincoln, romney

Question 18

Sheep dual purpose breeds

Answer 18

columbia, corriedale, east friesian, finnsheep, polypay, targhee

Question 19

Sheep hair + double coated breeds

Answer 19

do well with heat due to hair rather than wool: barbados blackbelly, dorper, other south american breeds

Question 20

Sheep minor + exotic breeds

Answer 20

diverse and lesser bred

Question 21

Goat classification

Answer 21

Capra hircus

Question 22

Goat castrated male

Answer 22

wether

Question 23

Goat adult male

Answer 23

buck/billy

Question 24

Goat adult female

Answer 24

doe/nanny

Question 25

When were goats domesticated?

Answer 25

around 7,000 BC

Question 26

Originator goat breed?

Answer 26

bezoar

Question 27

Fiber goats

Answer 27

angora, cashmere-producing

Question 28

Meat goats

Answer 28

boer, spanish, kiko, myotonic, pygmy

Question 29

Dairy goats

Answer 29

saanen, alipine, nubian, la mancha, dwarf

Question 30

Minor/exotic goats

Answer 30

oberhasli, san clemente

Question 31

What makes ruminants special?

Answer 31

4 chambered stomach, feeding microorganisms in reality

Question 32

Size of sheep/goat stomach

Answer 32

4 1/2 gallons

Question 33

Bacteria in rumen

Answer 33

major microorganisms

Question 34

Protozoa in rumen

Answer 34

mid microorganisms

Question 35

Fungi in rumen

Answer 35

minimal existence

Question 36

Rumen-reticulum environment

Answer 36

anaerobic, moist, warm

Question 37

How does microbial composition change?

Answer 37

with diet

Question 38

Fresh forages are _____% moisture

Answer 38

25-50

Question 39

What type of feeders are goats/sheep?

Answer 39

concentrate selectors

Question 40

How many small ruminant units per cow-calf units?

Answer 40

5 to 1

Question 41

Rotational grazing

Answer 41

improves performance by 20-30%, rotate on 2-4 day intervals

Question 42

Graze

Answer 42

consuming either pure of mixed stands of forage crops

Question 43

Forbs

Answer 43

weed-like plants

Question 44

Browse

Answer 44

broadleaf plants, bushes, trees

Question 45

Goats are ____ feeders

Answer 45

intermediate, concentrate

Question 46

Sheep are ____ feeders

Answer 46

intermediate

Question 47

Most deadly parasite?

Answer 47

barber pole worm (Haemonchus contortus), can consume 1/10 of animal's total blood volume in 1 day

Question 48

FAMACHA

Answer 48

1- healthy, red color, no parasites 5- not healthy, white color, has parasites

Question 49

Should you constantly change dewormers?

Answer 49

No, can easily build up resistance

Question 50

Anthelminties

Answer 50

drugs that kill egg laying adults or larvae

Question 51

Estrous cycles of ewes

Answer 51

17 days

Question 52

Seasonally polyestrous

Answer 52

mate during fall, short-day breeders

Question 53

Flehman response

Answer 53

ram lifts nose in air and curls upper lip

Question 54

1 ram per ....

Answer 54

35-50 ewes

Question 55

Sexual maturity in rams

Answer 55

7-8 months

Question 56

Ewe gestation

Answer 56

142-152 days (around 5 months)

Question 57

Sheep typically stand within

Answer 57

30 minutes after birth

Question 58

Typical weaning age

Answer 58

around 4 months

Question 59

Coccidiosis

Answer 59

black leg disease, common in weaning lambs

Question 60

Does reach puberty

Answer 60

4-12 months

Question 61

Does estrous cycle

Answer 61

18-24 days

Question 62

Does gestation length

Answer 62

145 to 152 days

Question 63

1 buck per

Answer 63

10 does at 1 yr old, 25 at 2, 40 at 3

Question 64

Rut

Answer 64

bucks being very ready to get it on, smells awful

Question 65

Water requirements

Answer 65

2-3 gallons of water a day, prefer still water

Question 66

Common metabolic/nutritional disorders

Answer 66

copper toxicity, overeating, bloat, milk fever, pregnancy toxemia

Question 67

Neonate feeding

Answer 67

COLOSTRUM, start nursing within 60 min of birth

Question 68

Suckling young feeding

Answer 68

suckle dam, creep feed at 3 weeks, replacer available as needed

Question 69

Weaning feeding

Answer 69

3 to 4 months old, good quality forage and 16% CP creep feed

Question 70

Maintenance feeding

Answer 70

status quo, pasture forage is generally enough

Question 71

Replacement female feeding

Answer 71

preparing for breeding, ample forage and TMS supplement

Question 72

Breeding female feeding

Answer 72

flushing w/ lush pasture or concentrate feeds, last 6 weeks supplement

Question 73

Breeding male feeding

Answer 73

mostly fed above maintenance, 60-90 days prior to season, NH4Cl

Question 74

Lactating female feeding

Answer 74

most nutrient demanding production phase, peak milk production at 4-6 wks postpartum

Question 75

Biggest issue in goat/sheep industry?

Answer 75

dairy products seasonality

Question 76

Mutton

Answer 76

meat from the oldies

Question 77

Sheep and goat dressing %

Answer 77

40-50%

Question 78

Goat lactation period

Answer 78

284 days

Question 79

Goat dairy products

Answer 79

milk, cheese, soap, lip balm

Question 80

Why are nubian goat's milk special?

Answer 80

higher fat and protein %, but lowest yield

Question 81

Sheep dairy products

Answer 81

cheese, yogurt

Question 82

How much milk do sheep produce in their 220-240 day lactation cycle?

Answer 82

400-1100 lbs

Question 83

Thinnest diameter wool sheep breeds

Answer 83

rambouillet, merino

Question 84

Sheep fiber products

Answer 84

sweaters, rugs, yarn

Question 85

How much mohair per goat is produced a year?

Answer 85

11-17 lbs

Question 86

How much cashmere per goat is produced a year?

Answer 86

few grams - 1.1 lbs

Question 87

Goat fiber products

Answer 87

yarn, clothes

Question 88

Wool price per pound

Answer 88

$1.47/lb

Question 89

Mohair price per pound

Answer 89

$8.70/lb

Question 90

Cashmere price per pound

Answer 90

$120-$190/lb

Question 91

Other ways small ruminants are used

Answer 91

environmentally friendly weed-eaters, biomedical research, draft + pack goats