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The individual and society > Exam 1 > Flashcards

Exam 1 Flashcards

(51 cards)

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1
Q

What is walkability ?

A

Neighborhood density and access to amenities near by
“volume of pedestrain activity”

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2
Q

Four key Dimensions of Walkability

A

-Street intersection density
-proximity to transit stops
-mix of job types
-mix of jobtypes and occupied housing

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3
Q

What is the crime-reducing effect?

A

-New urbanism->’eyes on the street’
-has beneficial effects(everythings closer
-more ppl > crime.. natural survalience

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4
Q

What is crime-producing effect?

A

-more visitors than residents… these ppl pay less attention to possible crime
-more ppl=more targets
-more foot traffic=more criminal opportunities in neighborhoods

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5
Q

Place

A

Place: A specific site shapped by the ppl and how it shapped their lives (Specific)
-Ex: Time Square NY

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6
Q

Space

A

Geographic entities with distinct shapes.. raw material (Generic)
-Ex: Plaza

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7
Q

Place Attatchment

A

Personal meanings, experiences, memories to a place created by an individual
-social meanings/cultural root create place attatchments

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8
Q

urban (ethnic) enclaves

A

Allow immigrants to find identitiy, community, security in cities
-elizabeth… Colombian town

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9
Q

Gated community

A

shows a desire to feel secure
-everyone has a different sense of it

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10
Q

Make and remake places

A

one cohort make place and when the next generation comes in they remake the meaning of this place for them
{new gen,im/emigration}
-Chicago school

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11
Q

Key take away

Chicago school: Social ecology of city steps

A

invasion, succession, dominance entails the changes in meanings of places
-EX: weeds in a lawn
in: they start coming in
succ:take large portion of lawn
dom: most of lawn is weeds now

introduced ecological perspective to the study of diverse/fast growing c

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12
Q

Private Places

A

Houses, clubs… you can put fences up or only allow certain ppl in

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13
Q

public places

A

parks, stores….. anyone can come in

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14
Q

Privitization

A

limits acces to places/spaces
-making a public place->private… gated communities

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15
Q

Security

A

feeling of safeness, often follows froms idenity/community
-lack of security =crime concern

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16
Q

community

A

locals in neighborhood aiding, supporting, protecting one another creates sense of community

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17
Q

identity

A

sense of identity derives from places
-EX: ‘Im stephany, im from NJ”
…ppl associate identity where you grew up or live

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18
Q

Take away

Dramatic social and economic changes associated w/ idustiralization and urbanization…

A

lead to emergance of social theory and urban theories

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19
Q

take away

How did early theorist view ubran life?

A

As more rational and less intamate when compared to rural or village life

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20
Q

take away

in the 1960-70 whos idea did scholars use to understand urban inequalities and the use of urban development as a means of generating profits ?

A

Karl Marx/ Marxist

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21
Q

take away

Changes in the global economy…

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A

forced new theorists to understand local economic structures of cities

22
Q

Take away

importance of consumption v production

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A

in many urban places consumption is as OR more important in the economy and form of cities

23
Q

Ferdinand Tonnies

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A

viewed that urban life is less intimate in social life in comparison to towns or villages where they would be more connected
-Gemeignschaft
-Gesellschaft

24
Q

Gemeinschaft

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A

Def:community…villages/towns
-intimate social ties with ppl(prob family based)

25
Gesellschaft
Def: Society... individual interests -modern socialization by IMpersonal relationship -transaction, division of labor
26
Georg Simmel
views cities as cold like Tonnies .... relationships between ppl are individualistic "strangers"
27
Strangers
it's the embodiment of the modern world -ppl see strangders everyday and they become part of your routine... creating a false intamacy bc they're part of your day today which might then cause interactioin
28
*Harvey* Uneven growth
older part of the city (inner) are left to decay while the outskirts are urbanizing/ developing
29
Logan and Moloch
'the city as a growth machine' from growth coalitions -desire for growth brings diverse groups of ppl together
30
Growth coalition
big companys or people who own a lot of property who benefit/'win' in growing cities from profit -residents lose went rent gets more expesive... | landlords v renters/residents
31
Use value v Exchange value
Use: the original thing that was created for use -waterbottle Exchange: new thing that came from it like trends -stanley cup/hydroflask
32
# EYES on STREET Jane Jacobs | green village NYC
life of cities is about ppl and their neighborhood -urban diversity/density creates safe urban places/tight knit communities Creates regular casual interactions: -trusting relationships -web of social control"eyes on street" or "natural survaillence" from residents
33
# Territoriality Oscar Newman | Oppisite Jacobs
+ ppl and + activities =more crimes defensible space= territoriality -level of segragation from private/public propery lower territoriality= more ppl resposible for surveilance or area so more chance of crime
34
Terry clark
city as entertainment machine: entertainment component of cities becomes the economic engine of city -conumption/entertainment drive urban development -job opportunities Ex: restaurants, operas, galleries...
35
Urban renewal
replacing poor neighborhoods with other land uses like malls or stadiums -increases attention to community/culture in cities
36
gentrification
when poor or regular neighboorhoods start changing bc wealthier residents/investments come in -population change -increased land value -new consumption spaces
37
paradox of social ties
Strong ties and networks in community impairs.. can impair social control " i don't wanna give this young man up to the police bc ik his momma is a sweet woman"
38
Evaluating theories of the city | Good theory should look like
-simple and easy to capture in a few leading ideas -comprehensive and explane many dimensions of a city -plausible and reflect the reality we observe around us -provide tools for examining how cities work
39
Historical case study
a study of a particular area or city -how historical circumstances shaped life there -examine specific cases in great historical depth
40
enthographic case study
-field observation of ppl -produces rich qualitative data -use of observational skills for researchers
41
Case study
singualr city as a represantive case -clear/well defined example -provides evidence ofr the phenomenon being studied -close/careful examination of single case Ex: Jacobs in Greenwhich village -observes ppl relate to one another on streets -'eyes on the street'/trust
42
Typical case
tendecies or forces at work that are the same in other cities -a certain city. that was selected that has many features common to a wide group of communities Ex: Muncie, indiana as atypical city of america -small, midwestm working small upper class -ordinary american town
43
# ``` ``` types of typical case
-Prototypical -archetypical -stereotypical
44
Prototypical
first development that will become generalized Ex: Los Angeles
45
archetypical
a unique case or extreme of a more general development Ex: miami having a majority of recent immigrants
46
stereotypical
a typical case of a more general development
47
reliability
conistancy of measure wheater its accurate/on point or not it stays the same
48
48
validity
accuracy of a measure
49
elijah anderson
Code of streets:living in a certain enviornemnt situates young ppl @ risk of crime -set of informal rules that govern interpersonal relations -observed in isolated innercity neighborhoods...racial segregation, lack of civic/public services
50
Richard Florida
Creative Class: correlation between tolerance/acceptance of diverse ppl (ethnicity, gender, SES) - more creative class=more economic growth bc of ***bohemiam index***: number of artists in pop relative to overall pop

The individual and society (2 decks)

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