Exam 1 Flashcards

Question

Feature analysis

Answer 1

People see a set of "critical" features

Answer 2

Decomposing objects by smaller, simpler shapes (geons)

Answer 3

Developemental Orientation Neurological evidence

Answer 4

simple 2d or 3d shapes

Answer 5

Face Blindness, temporal lobe

Answer 6

Inability to process specific sensory information

Answer 7

Experiment where we assumed we can detect patterns through motion

Answer 8

What - Ventral part of the brain: recognizes objects Where - Dorsal part of the brain: spatial awareness of objects, landmark study

Answer 9

Space in-between words to differentiate them

Answer 10

We infer how objects "are" in the world by how much it makes sense

Answer 11

Items have context when visualized

Answer 12

Choosing what to pay attention to

Answer 13

Attempting to pay attention to multiple stimuli at once

Answer 14

Being able to single out a voice or stimuli in the midst of many

Answer 15

Different stimuli directly into each ear

Answer 16

Repeating words as they are heard in the dichotic listening task

Answer 17

Stimuli that is actively wanting to be processed

Answer 18

Everything else that is not consciously being payed attention to

Answer 19

Type of unconscious stimuli that is too fast/quiet to consciously be perceived

Answer 20

Brain chooses what to listen to, then filters out everything else; we shouldn't have a conscious idea of what was left out

Answer 21

"leaky filter model", both attended and unattended messages are filtered through, but attended is way stronger, based on meaning

Answer 22

Amount of information people can handle; limit

Answer 23

Difficulty of task; high load vs low load

Answer 24

red green but different lol; reading words has become highly ingrained that its hard to say the color

Answer 25

Automatic - Stroop word reading Controlled - Active perception, saying color, working past automatic

Answer 26

Serial: one word at a time Parallel: Taking in a scene all at once

Answer 27

Single Features automatically observed Conjunction

Answer 28

Single features easier to spot

Answer 29

Searching for features will make up one object, serially

Answer 30

Errors can occur with needing so much attention

Answer 31

Combination of background, emotional stimuli, and objects

Answer 32

Finding one item decreased chance of finding another

Answer 33

Less frequently things show up, less likely to spot

Answer 34

Searching attention drops after some time, "definitely within 15 min, more complex tasks after 5 min"

Answer 35

Difficulty detecting change when paying attention to something

Answer 36

Difficulty detecting change in environment

Answer 37

Difficulty of a task

Answer 38

Automatic, unconscious, and effortless stage of attention

Answer 39

Movement of the eyes from one location to the other

Answer 40

testing ability to detect stimuli presented in rapid succession

Answer 41

Attention being captured

Answer 42

Humans are only able to have a limited amount of attentional resources

Answer 43

All sensory inputs, 500ms to 2 seconds

Answer 44

Immediate store of memory, very short, attention, 20-30 seconds

Answer 45

Encoded memory, able to be retrieved, infinite space

Answer 46

Sight memory

Answer 47

Repeating a stimulus

Answer 48

Storing into long term memory

Answer 49

Process of remembering thigs from long term

Answer 50

sensory, short term, long term]

Answer 51

number of things that can actively be remembered in short term memory

Answer 52

Curve showing the outcome of primacy and recency effects

Answer 53

Remembering things you learned at the beginning

Answer 54

Remembering things you learned most recently

Answer 55

Inability to encode new memories

Answer 56

Inability to retrieve past memories

Answer 57

keeps things for further processing, e.g. math problems

Answer 58

Stores verbal info Used for words Used for numbers

Answer 59

Stores visual info Used for imagery Spatial tasks

Answer 60

Allocates capacity Retrieves info Thinks Consciousness

Answer 61

Grouping pieces of information together, making it easier to store

Answer 62

Number of things humans are able to remember

Answer 63

Confusion of sounds that sound similar

Answer 64

Repeatedly preforming the same "rule" unable to follow a new one; disconnect with attention

Answer 65

Speaking interferes with rehearsal

Answer 66

over time short term memory fades

Answer 67

Proactive: Previously learned material makes it hard to learn new material Retroactive: New material makes it hard to remember past material

Answer 68

Memory for short words is easier than it is for long words

Answer 69

Number of digits a person can remember

Answer 70

"Memory" Remembering first time you rode a bike

Answer 71

"Knowledge" Knowing how to ride a bike

Answer 72

"Skills" Riding a bike

Answer 73

Doing things without remembering how we know we can do them

Answer 74

Memories we are aware of

Answer 75

Full episodic, echoic memories of ones life

Answer 76

Producing own things to remember are easier to reconstruct than just consuming the information

Answer 77

Things that are helpful for survivial are easier to retain and reconstruct

Answer 78

Easier to remember someones proffesion that their name

Answer 79

Mental rehearsal mechanism to retain information in short-term memory

Answer 80

Studying in intervals is more benificial than cramming

Answer 81

You learn things better when you test yourself than just reading the textbook

Answer 82

Phenomenon that when several people work together to produce a single memory report, they typically produce fewer items than when the unique items in the individual reports of the same number of participants are combined

Answer 83

The process that transforms new memories into a state in which they are more resistant to disruption.

Answer 84

Organized knowledge structures

Answer 85

Each experience leaves a trace of a memory for future use

Answer 86

Encoding: depends on what schema is active, directs encoding and extracts gist Storage: New info is stored in schema, updated by later add-ons, constantly changing Reconstruction: Combination of what remains and schema info, attitudes matter

Answer 87

Leave things out Could be random Could be selective to leave the gist

Answer 88

Add material Fill in gaps, rationalize

Answer 89

Two different ideas being inhabited in the schema, causing conflict

Answer 90

Know current view, plus theory, equals view of previous state, especially if there is no change

Answer 91

Concept of the sequence of actions that occur during a specific experience, grocery store

Answer 92

person egg

Answer 93

Utility Theory People are rational People use logic

Answer 94

Assigning levels of utility to certain outcomes, then choosing which one has the most "utility"

Answer 95

Consider options Make a list of important features, then rate each option

Answer 96

Basic form of deductive reasoning All birds are animals All animals eat food All birds eat food

Answer 97

Only two premises If i cry, my shirt will be wet I cried, therefore my shirt is wet

Answer 98

If x, then y x, therefore y

Answer 99

If x, then y y, therefore x

Answer 100

If blank then blank example, turning over x cards to see which are needed to validate a set rule

Answer 101

Process of thinking when making a choice

Answer 102

Rate of reinforcement matches the quality and value of the response

Answer 103

Choosing sooner, less gratifying choices versus choosing later, more gratifying choices

Answer 104

Graph showing the hyperbolic rate of choice for delayed gratification

Answer 105

Selectively look for information that reinforces our hypothesis and ignore information that argues against it

Answer 106

Shortcut in decision making, relating the active choice to things we already know about/have experienced

Answer 107

The combination of two effects cannot be more probable than one by itself

Answer 108

Relative proportions in a population

Answer 109

Base rate information is ignored; farmer and librarian

Answer 110

Shortcut to decision making; deciding based on the information that is readily available and easiest to recall

Answer 111

Seeing a correlation in an event where there isnt any

Answer 112

People believe things that are repeated; echo chambers

Answer 113

Tactic to entertain debunked ideas by using the fear of being duped, stop questioning when you should keep questioning

Answer 114

Adjusting estimates, e.g. price of shoes, that are anchored in previously anchored pieces of information, e.g. thinking about the last two numbers of SSN (higher SSN means estimating higher, vice versa)

Answer 115

The way you word something (frame) influences the decisions made

Answer 116

People are, in effect, biased by the knowledge of what has actually happened when evaluating its likelihood.

Answer 117

Not thinking that a small sample would lead to an either/or outcome; birth rate more girls than boys experiment

Answer 118

Conforming your decision to match that of the consensus of the group, more likely than to come up with the right answer

Answer 119

Incorrectly estimating how long a task will take, e.g. studying or finishing an assignment

Answer 120

Basing responses in personal beliefs within 1) valid syllogisms with impossible outcomes 2)Invalid syllogisms with believable outcomes

Answer 121

Type of confirmation bias, but more specific ; relating to opinions or attitudes vs information as a whole

Answer 122

Coming to to a conclusion that is *probably*true, but not necessarily true

Answer 123

Bigger sample size means more representative of population

Answer 124

Type 1(2+2=?) vs Type 2 thinking (23 x 167=?)

Answer 125

Misleading information, a lie, an error

Answer 126

Mix of true and false information, subset of misinformation, Intentional for political or economic goal. Bias people. Spread by unwitting agents

Answer 127

Mix of true and false information, goal is unclear, spread by true believers, unwitting agents, and unsure why

Answer 128

Include information into the conversation, meant to confuse

Answer 129

Reason/goal for type of misinformation

Answer 130

Unconscious Spread of false information

Answer 131

Someone who is unaware of the wrong information they are spreading

Answer 132

Echo Chamber

Answer 133

Picture makes something more believable

Answer 134

"Chance that something is true"; Unwritten rules of misinformation studies, false childhood studies

Answer 135

Corrections can remind people of false information; people then access that knowledge to argue against correction

Answer 136

You can imply something, and people will remember the implication, conjuring own memory is more concrete than just reading it

Answer 137

Adopting information is crucial for group membership

Answer 138

Truth with warning False info Truth reminder

Answer 139

Searching for the same topic from other authors, comparing views and information available from said topic

Answer 140

Removing attention and taking the platform in which someone spreads information

Answer 141

Algorithms love engagement, which generate income, incentivizing more controversial information to be spread; change to emphasize accurate information

Answer 142

Slow down Investigate source and claim Find trusted coverage Trace to the original

Exam 1 Flashcards

(263 cards)