Exam 1 Flashcards by Emma Dudley

Melody + accompaniment (SATB)

homophonic

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several equal and independent melodies working together

polyphonic

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different versions of the same melody sounding simultaneously

heterophonic

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Philosophers who believed a perfect world could be accessed only through our intellects

dualists

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Philosophers who believed in the world around us

Materlists

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“The City of God” was written to demonstrate that

History had a direction willed by God

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Characteristics of Ancient Greek Music

-improvised
-always associated with poetry or dancing
-the melody and rhythm were bound in the vocal inflections and rhythm of poetry
-virtuoso instrumentalists

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“What in the world does the god mean, and what is this riddle? For I realize that I am wise in nothing, great or small; what then does he mean by saying that I am the wisest? Surely, he does not lie; that is not in keeping with his nature.” Passage from…

Plato’s apology

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Maze-like pattern found on early Greek vases

meander

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Most prosperous and successful of the great Athenian dramatists

Sophocles

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Four fathers of the early Christian church

St. Ambrose
St. Jerome
Pope Gregory 1
St. Augustine

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Christ Pantocrator

-SURVIVED the period of destruction of iconic images that twice racked the Eastern church
-represents the DUAL NATURE OF CHRIST
-is one of the most WIDELY USED religious images of Orthodox Christianity

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Why is Bothius important

TRANSLATIONS of greek philosophers TRANSMITTED knowledge

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Main idea of Julius Caesar’s “Commentaries”

military campaigns

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Let me only glance where you are,

the voice dies, I can say nothing,

but my lips are stricken to silence,

underneath my skin the tenuous flame suffuses;

nothing shows in front of my eyes;

my ears are muted in thunder.

And the sweat breaks running upon me,

fever shakes my body, paler I turn than grass is;

I can feel that I have been changed,

I feel that death has come near me.

Lyric poem author:

Sappho

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Characteristics of art in classical Greece

-balance and order
-realism in faces
-standards of human beauty derived from proportion and symmetry
-muscularity of male forms

NOT rigid, stylized stances

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Connections between music & math in ancient Greece

-ratios of the sounds of planetary bodies moving through space
-ratios of strings for intervals
-mathematical laws govern music intervals and heavenly bodies/ planets
-system of musical sounds and rhythms exemplifies harmony of the cosmos

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Greek doctrine of ethods

Music and poetry are inseparably connected

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4 Roman writers

-Catallus
-Julius Caesar
-Cicero
-Virgil

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Who said “You cannot step into the same river twice, for other waters are continually flowing in?”

Heraclitus

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Main them of the Iliad

Achilles’ anger and its consequences

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Greek vases from 1000-700 BC mainly feature

abstract geometric designs

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Most significant architectural feature of Hagia Sophia

dome on pendentives

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In Hagia Sophia, the light entering the church symbolically represents

divine wisdom

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The sculpture "Kritios Boy" is renowned for representing

a turning point from the Archaic to the Classical period

The "Lacoon group" is an example of

freestanding Hellenistic art

The feeling of emotional cleansing experienced by the audience in ancient Greek dramas

catharsis

Thales of Miletus believed that the world had its origins in

water

The work of a famous Greek sculptor that combines realistic action with an idealized geometry

Discobolus by Myron

The year 323 is important because it is the year

Alexander the Great died and the Hellenistic period began

Greek/Oriental/Hellenistic musical features rejected by the early Christian church

-cultivating music in pursuit of enjoyment and beauty -music connected with religious festivals -instrumental music -anything associated with the Jewish culture

"Unhappy Dido, so they told me truly That your own hand hand brought you death. Was I—Alas! The cause? I swear by all the stars, By the world above, by everything held sacred Here under the earth, unwillingly, O queen, I left your kingdom [by] the gods’ commands."

Virgil's Aeneid

Who wrote edict of Milan

Constantine

Who managed to protect the borders of the Roman empire?

Diocletian

Who was responsible fo the Tetrarchy of Four

Diocletian

Who shifted the center of the Roman Empire to the east and laid the foundation for the culture?

Constantine

Who participated in the Council of Nicaea?

Constantine

Why was Christ portrayed without his beard in the mosaics of Ravenna

-in scenes in which He exercised divine power -to represent eternity **not because that was the Greek-Byzantine style**

Pythagoras was a

philosopher and musician

Which Roman emperor moved the capital for the Western Roman Empire to Ravenna?

Theodoric

Separate, 8-sided buildings near cathedrals or churches in the Byzantine era were commonly used for

baptisteries

Leader of Greece during the Golden Age connected with great achievements

Pericles

"Contraposto" is a term used to indicate

a chiastic stance in Greek statuary

The importance of the art and architecture in the city of Ravenna is

-the combination of basilica shapes -Christian symbolism -change from 3D to 2D -blending secular and spiritual elements in the mosaics

When a priest and a congregation exchange lines of singing in a psalm, this is called

responsorial

When two choirs exchange lines in the singing of a psalm, this is called

antiphonal

According to the Council of Nicaea, is Christ fully or partially divine?

Fully

What is the significance of St. Catherine's Monastery at Mount Sinai in Egypt

-built during Justinian times, still used -preserve Byzantine art -protected many history icons -rediscovery of earliest Greek codex of the New Testament -chant performed here very similar to chant from the early days of the Eastern Orthodox Church`

Dome of the Rock religion

Christianity, Juadaism, Islam

The Vatican in Rome religion

Christianity

Mecca religion

Islam

Santiago de Compostela religion

Christianity

Wailing Wall in Jerusalem religion

Judaism

Scala Santa in Rome religion

Christianity

5 pillars of Islam

1. fasting 2. faith 3. pilgrimmage 4. almsgiving 5. prayer

Can Sunni Muslims also be Sufi?

Yes

contributions of the Umayyad Caliphate to the Islamic empire

-unifying the empire -common coinage -establishing Arabic as the official language -standardizing weights and measures -building Dome of the Rock and Umayyad Mosque

Things NOT characteristic of Islamic art

-veneration of holy animals -images of Allah

Commonalities between Christianity and Islam

-expansion through missionary work -revelation from a divine source -belief in free will

Who transmitted knowledge and philosophy from East to West

-Maimonides -Boethius -Averroes -Avicenna -House of Wisdom

Which caliphate lasted the longest?

Abbasid

Which caliphate built Dome of the Rock in Jerusalem

Umayyad Caliphate

Which caliphate built the Mosque of Samarra

Abbasid Caliphate

Which caliphate built House of Wisdom

Abbasid Caliphate

Which caliphate built Great Mosque of Damascus

Umayyad Caliphate

Which caliphate built the Great Mosque of al-Mutawakill

Abbasid Caliphate

Which caliphate built the Great Mosque of Cordoba

Abbasid Caliphate

Many Abbassid buildings were built using what material?

mud bricks

two-pipe reed instrument

aulos

a scale whose particular arrangement of whole and half steps creates a unique mood or sound

mode

the second level of a basilica or church

clerestory

Ka'bah

cube

triangles formed by the intersection of two arches

Pendentive

whether or not it was blasphemous to use images or icons in art

Inconoclastic controversy

a horizontal band at the top of a building decorated with sculpture

frieze

the triangular upper section of the front of a classical building

pediment

an oil flask used for funerary offerings and painted with mourning or graveside scenes

Lekythos

lighthearted, for the purpose of comic relief in the middle of tragedies

Satyr play

mathematical proportions in the movements of celestial bodies as a form of music

music of the spheres

Wars between Rome and Carthage

Punic Wars

a sculpture in motion

Discobolos

the characteristic of 3D in sculpture

Relief

a landowner in ancient Rome, but not elite

Plebian

six groups of long-short-short syllables

Dactylic hexameter

wars between Greece (led by Athens) and Darius I and his successors

Persian War

the upper class in ancient Rome

Patrician

wars between Athens and Sparta and their respective allies

Peloponnesian Wars

Four rulers of the divided Roman empire

Tetrarchy

the ideal male proportion

Doryphoros

politically neutral organization of Greek city-states

Delian League

music or poetry that typically represents Dionysis

Dithyramb

four-note scale

tetrachord

the chanting of psalms by a Jewish rabbi/cantor/Levite

Cantillation

Exam 1 Flashcards

(93 cards)