Exam 1

Question 1

You stumble into a time machine and find yourself transported back in evolutionary time just prior to plants moving onto land. What ecosystem/environment is characterized as a significant transition to land? What adaptation(s) would you expect plants to have in this environment?

Answer 1

Shoreline; hold fast and cell walls for support

Question 2

Which of the following supported the success of plants on land?

Answer 2

• vascular system
• shoot system
• root system

Question 3

When comparing plant and animal cells, which of the following is unique to plant cells?

Answer 3

cell wall

Question 4

The evolution of autotrophs (plants) led to the modern flow of energy.

Answer 4

true

Question 5

Match the structure with its function
stomata

Answer 5

facilitates gas exchange

Question 6

Match the structure with its function
vascular system

Answer 6

conducting system that moves substances throughout the plant body

Question 7

Match the structure with its function
roots

Answer 7

absorb water and nutrients

Question 8

leaves

Answer 8

photosynthetic organs

Question 9

apical meristem

Answer 9

site of cell division

Question 10

is the process in which genetic changes in plant populations evolved as a result of selection by humans.

Answer 10

domestication

Question 11

Most of the dry weight of living organisms is composed of the following organic molecules:

Answer 11

carbs
lipids
proteins
nucleic acids

Question 12

Which organic molecule functions as an enzyme/catalyst?

Answer 12

protein

Question 13

Proteins are one of the least abundant organic molecules and function to translate genetic material (DNA).

Answer 13

false

Question 14

Nucleic acids are the main component of DNA, RNA, and

Answer 14

ATP

Question 15

Match each organelle with its cellular function
chloroplast

Answer 15

captures solar energy

Question 16

Match each organelle with its cellular function
ribosomes

Answer 16

produced in the nucleolus

Question 17

nucleus

Answer 17

controls activities of the cell

Question 18

mitochondria

Answer 18

site of cellular respiration-breaking down sugar for energy

Question 19

vacuoles

Answer 19

stores toxic secondary metabolites

Question 20

golgi apparatus/body

Answer 20

involved in secretion, uses vesicles

Question 21

cell wall

Answer 21

prevents rupture of the plasma membrane following the uptake of water

Question 22

the endoplasmic reticulum produces ribosomes

Answer 22

false
it produces proteins-rough ER
produced in nucleolus

Question 23

Interphase prepares the cell for

Answer 23

cell division

Question 24

Diffusion describes the random movement of individual molecules from an area of ____________ concentration to an area of ____________ concentration.

Answer 24

high, low

Question 25

Which process, below, describes how plant absorb water in to their cells?

Answer 25

osmosis

Question 26

Based on the figure below, water is moving out of the cell. Which of the following is a true statement?

Answer 26

Solute (for example salt) concentration is higher outside of the cell compared to inside the cell.

Question 27

An element that crosses the plasma membrane **against its electrochemical** gradient will use ATP in active transport.

Answer 27

true

Question 28

When considering energy flow, light energy is absorbed by the mitochondria.

Answer 28

false

Question 29

During cellular respiration the coenzyme NAD+ gains electrons through __________ reactions and loses electrons to the electron transport chain through ________ reactions.

Answer 29

reduction, oxidation

Question 30

In cellular respiration, mitochondria use carbohydrate and __________ produced from the chloroplasts to generate ATP.

Answer 30

O2

Question 31

Enzymes increase the energy required for a reaction to occur.

Answer 31

false

Question 32

Which of the following regulate enzyme activity?

Answer 32

temperature and pH

Question 33

During glycolysis, glucose is converted to pyruvate inside the matrix of the mitochondria.

Answer 33

false

Question 34

At the electron transport chain, ATP is produced by ATP synthase complex.

Answer 34

true

Question 35

At the electron transport chain, which element is the final electron acceptor that binds with H+?

Answer 35

???? not FAD+

Question 36

CO2 is produced during the preparatory stage and citric acid cycle of cellular respiration.

Answer 36

true

Question 37

An enzyme of catalyst is destroyed once a reaction is complete.

Answer 37

false

Question 38

The flow of energy through the biosphere can only continue as long as there is an input of energy from the sun.

Answer 38

true

Question 39

Distinguish between a substance moving down a concentration gradient and a substance moving against a concentration gradient.

Answer 39

A substance moving down a concentration gradient would be moving from a region of high solute concentration to a region of low solute concentration. A substance moving against a concentration gradient would be the opposite. It would be moving from an area of low concentration toward a high concentration of its molecules. ???why .5 off

Question 40

In cellular respiration, how does the flow of electrons in the electron transport chain result in the formation of ATP?

Answer 40

The flow of electrons in the electron transport chain results in protons inside the cell. Those protons are then pumped outside using ATP due to active transport. Now there is a proton gradient that drives the ATP synthase complex. The protons are pumped back into the cell through the ATP synthase complex. A proton is attached to an ADP to make ATP.??-2 pt

Question 41

a)What are the four stages of cellular respiration? b) For each stage (listed above), what are the inputs and outputs? c) Which stage (listed above) produces the most ATP?

Answer 41

a) The 4 stages of cellular respiration are Glycolysis, the Preparatory phase, the Citric Acid Cycle, and the Electron Transport Chain. b) The inputs of Glycolysis are 2 ATP, a glucose molecule, 2 NAD+, and 2 ADP. The outputs are 4 ATP, 2 Pyruvate molecules, and 2 NADH. The inputs of the Preparatory phase are 2 Pyruvate molecules, 2 ATP, 2 CO2, 2 FADH, and 2 NADH. The outputs are 4 CO2, 2 ATP, 2 NAD+, 2 FAD+, and 6 Acetyl CoA. The inputs of the Citric Acid Cycle are 6 Acetyl CoA molecules, 2 ATP, 4 CO2, 2 NAD+, and 2 FAD+. The outputs are 2 NADH, 2 FADH, and 2 ATP. The inputs of the Electron Transport Chain are 2 ATP, 2 NADH, and 2 FADH. The outputs are 1 FADH and 30-32 ATP. c) The Electron Transport Chain produces the most ATP.