Exam 1

Question 1

demagogue

Answer 1

a speaker who manipulates an audience & distorts evidence

Question 2

rhetoric

Answer 2

“art of persuasion;” excludes force; grounded in choice; considers ethics; dynamic & developing

Question 3

common elements of rhetoric

Answer 3

speaker, message, audience

Question 4

classical era

Answer 4

5th century BCE - 4th century AD; Greece & Rome; grammatical approach (form and patterns); focus on speaker

Question 5

18th century

Answer 5

England & Scotland; psychological approach (audience’s perception & interpretation); focus on audience

Question 6

contemporary era

Answer 6

1920s - present; U.S., moved to Europe & China; sociological approach (inherent human ability to manipulate & understand symbols); focus on message

Question 7

polis

Answer 7

Greek city-state; shares language & identity

Question 8

metic

Answer 8

a respected outsider in a polis; i.e. Aristotle in Athens

Question 9

geography of Greece

Answer 9

temperate climate; navigation allowed for information sharing & shared understanding

Question 10

Greek cultural assumptions

Answer 10

belief in reason; responsibility to participate in government (free men); sensitivity to form & pattern; respect for human dignity & freedom

Question 11

arete

Answer 11

excellence; started as military, grew to include people, possessions, city-states, etc.

Question 12

dike

Answer 12

justice

Question 13

kakos

Answer 13

harm, injury

Question 14

delios

Answer 14

cowardice

Question 15

agora

Answer 15

marketplace

Question 16

Greek identity

Answer 16

things as organic wholes; excess leads to chaos

Question 17

epideictic

Answer 17

ceremonial speech; i.e. funeral oration

Question 18

deliberative

Answer 18

governmental, legislative speech

Question 19

forensic/judicial

Answer 19

legal speech

Question 20

pre-Socratics

Answer 20

intellectuals before Socrates; only fragments of their writings exist; tried to explain origin of universe, what constitutes logic & truth

Question 21

epistemological

Answer 21

study of knowledge

Question 22

ontological

Answer 22

who we are in relation to others

Question 23

Thales

Answer 23

believed water was the origin of the universe

Question 24

Anaximenes

Answer 24

believed air was the origin of the universe

Question 25

Heracleitus

Answer 25

believed fire was the origin of the universe; constant change; nothing can be known through observation, so you must rely on logical thought

Question 26

Empedocles

Answer 26

believed love & hate were fundamental emotions; developed organized & reasoned arguments

Question 27

Pythagoras

Answer 27

math & numbers were the keys to the universe; introduced idea of the soul

Question 28

Anaximander

Answer 28

believed in order, structure, and law-governed societies

Question 29

Xenophanes

Answer 29

developed critique & rebuttal; influenced Socrates & Plato

Question 30

Parmenides

Answer 30

relation between the way of truth & the way of opinion; opinions based on senses don't lead to truth

Question 31

Sophists

Answer 31

paid, traveling teachers of rhetoric; constant outsiders; taught truth, not Truth; hated by Plato; our knowledge of them is biased

Question 32

4 stages of Sophist speeches

Answer 32

poem, narration, confirmation/refutation, peroration

Question 33

Corax & Tsias

Answer 33

teacher & student; wrote a theory of rhetoric; introduced probability of one argument succeeding over another

Question 34

techne

Answer 34

art of rhetoric

Question 35

nomoi

Answer 35

laws & customs of a polis; Sophists taught different places had different nomoi

Question 36

Protagoras of Abdera

Answer 36

first self-declared Sophist; "man is the measure of all things"

Question 37

Gorgias of Leontini

Answer 37

metic to Athens; recognized for use of figures of speech; lost to Socrates in battle of wits

Question 38

Isocrates

Answer 38

student of Gorgias; teacher

Question 39

Pericles

Answer 39

student of Gorgias; recognized for funeral orations

Question 40

Thacydides

Answer 40

student of Gorgias; historian

Question 41

encomium

Answer 41

speech of praise

Question 42

nous

Answer 42

mind

Question 43

things to blame instead of Helen/rhetoric

Answer 43

fate, force, persuasion, love