exam 1

Question 1

What three key points contribute to metabolism?

Answer 1

1. chemical synthesis
   2.energy production
2. chemical degradation

Question 2

what are the two general processes of metabolism?

Answer 2

Catabolism + Anabolism

Question 3

chemical synthesis

Answer 3

how we make the molecules in our cells

Question 4

energy production

Answer 4

comes from the breakdown of molecules

Question 5

chemical degradtion

Answer 5

how we break down the molecules

Question 6

catabolism

Answer 6

• breaks bonds, oxidizes nutrients, releases energy
• transformation of substrates into cellular energy or building blocks

Question 7

anabolism

Answer 7

• make bonds, reduce nutrients, consume energy
• utilization of energy to convert small molecules to complex molecules

Question 8

where is energy stored in metabolism?

Answer 8

ATP and NADPH

Question 9

metabolism definition

Answer 9

A linked series of chemical reactions in which a particular molecule is converted into some other molecule or molecules in a defined manner

Question 10

phototrophs

Answer 10

transform light energy into chemical energy (plants)

Question 11

chemotrophs

Answer 11

obtain chemical energy through the oxidation of food (humans)

Question 12

key points of metabolic pathways

Answer 12

-they are complex
-integration is crucial
-cata and ana processes must be tightly controlled to prevent futile cycles
- glucose pathways are central

Question 13

futile cycle definition

Answer 13

when the building and breaking of the same molecule occur at the same time

Question 14

why is it important for glucose pathways to be central?

Answer 14

it’s the main energy source, other molecules converge and diverge from the pathway

Question 15

converge

Answer 15

when two lines connect

Question 16

diverge

Answer 16

when two lines go apart

Question 17

convergence

Answer 17

when two line leave each other and then meet again later
(converge + diverge)
ex: glucose, fatty acids, amino acids all converge at Acetyl CoA to make carbon dioxidem+ ATP

Question 18

catalyst

Answer 18

• speeds up reaction
• is not consumed

Question 19

amphibolism

Answer 19

pathways often run forward or backward

Question 20

equilibrium arrows

Answer 20

two arrows on top of another pointing each way

Question 21

equilibrium

Answer 21

when products=reactants

Question 22

how can you offset the equilibrium?

Answer 22

add more products to go right or add more reactants to go left

Question 23

rounded/curved arrows in equilibrium

Answer 23

when there is a rounded arrow it means one enzyme is needed to go

Question 24

delta G

Answer 24

Gibbs free energy
neg = spontaneous
=deltaH-T*deltaS

Question 25

detla H

Answer 25

enthalpy tells us about the heat experienced

Question 26

delta S

Answer 26

entropy tells us about the disorder

Question 27

Inorder for the reaction to go in the forward direction delta G must be.... and the lnKeq must be....

Answer 27

Negative, positive, for the reaction to be spontaneous

Question 28

if delta G is LARGE and NEGATIVE then the reaction contains more (products or reactants)

Answer 28

reactants