Exam 1

Question 1

Assists the nervous system with communication and control of the body

Answer 1

Endocrine system

Question 2

Cells, tissues, and organs
Ductless
Secret hormones into bloodstream
Hormones act on target cells
Paracrine and autocrine glands

Answer 2

Endocrine glands

Question 3

Other glands in the body
Have ducts
Deliver products directly to their specific site

Answer 3

Exocrine Glands

Question 4

Release into extracellular spaces surrounding endocrine cells
Diffuse into bloodstream and are curried to all body parts

Answer 4

Hormone action

Question 5

Hormones are chemically made of either

Answer 5

Steroid, steroid-like, non-steroid

Question 6

Steroid/steroid-like hormone examples

Answer 6

Sex hormones
Adrenal cortex hormones

Question 7

Non-steroid hormone examples

Answer 7

Amines
Proteins
Peptides
Glycoproteins

Question 8

Formed from: amino acids
Examples:. Norepinephrine and epinephrine

Answer 8

Amine hormones

Question 9

Formed from: amino acids
Examples: ADH, OT, TRH, SS, GnRH

Answer 9

Peptide hormones

Question 10

Formed from: amino acids
Examples: PTH, GH, PRL

Answer 10

Protein hormones

Question 11

Former from: protein and carbohydrate
Example: FSH, LH, TSH

Answer 11

Glycoprotein hormones

Question 12

Formed from: cholesterol
Examples: estrogens, testosterone, aldosterone, cortisol

Answer 12

Steroids

Question 13

Synthesized from cholesterol
Lipids
Hydrophobic
Need transport protein to be carried through bloodstream

Answer 13

Steroid hormones

Question 14

How does the endocrine system communicate with target cells?

Answer 14

Chemical messengers secreted into the bloodstream

Question 15

Amplitude-modulated signals
Usually slower response
Effects usually more generally distributed

Answer 15

Endocrine system characteristics

Question 16

All or nothing respond

Answer 16

Nervous system characteristics

Question 17

Chemical signals that are secreted into the environment and modify the behavior and physiology of other individuals

Answer 17

Pheromones

Question 18

What do neurohormones that are intercellular chemical signals do?

Answer 18

Produced by neurons and act like hormones

Question 19

Estrogen, progesterone, testosterone, and glucocorticoids are examples of:

Answer 19

Steroids

Question 20

What is tire about hormones?

Answer 20

They en secreted at a constant rate

Question 21

What regulates the secretion of a hormone from an endocrine tissue?

Answer 21

Other hormones
Negative-feedback mechanisms
Non-hormone substance in the blood
The nervous system

Question 22

What system is more like a Facebook post where the information is put out there for anyone to potentially read?

Answer 22

Endocrine

Question 23

What system is more like an email which goes to a specific person?

Answer 23

Nervous

Question 24

When blood glucose levels increase, hormone “A” is secreted, what is hormone A controlled by:

Answer 24

Changes in the level of a chemical in the blood

Question 25

Hormone "A" stimulates the release of hormone "B". As levels of hormone "B" increases, the secretion of hormone "A" is inhibited. What is this control mechanism?

Answer 25

Negative feedback

Question 26

Hormones bind to binding proteins in a reversible fashion

Answer 26

True

Question 27

What inhibits caffeine, which causes cAMP to remain in the cold, prolonging the influence of epinephrine?

Answer 27

Phosphodiesterase

Question 28

What is true about laid-soluble hormones?

Answer 28

An degraded rapidly by enzymes

Question 29

Paracrine Wide-ranged effects Can control cAMP production

Answer 29

Prostaglandins

Question 30

Where are intracellular hormone receptors found?

Answer 30

Floating freely in the cytoplasm of target cells In the nucleus

Question 31

1. The "a" subunit of G protein is activated 2. cAMP is synthesized 3. Phosphodiesterase breaks down cAMP

Answer 31

Events in the order they occur after a chemical signal binds to a receptor

Question 32

What would describe chemical signals binding to membrane-bound receptors?

Answer 32

G proteins are activated The receptor-hormone complex causes ion channels to open or close The chemical signal is usually a large, water-soluble molecule The cells response is fast

Question 33

Why are intracellular receptors are better adapted for mediating responses that last a relatively long time?

Answer 33

mRNA is synthesized Synthesis of new proteins

Question 34

What happens if there is a decrease in the specific plasma protein to which a hormone binds?

Answer 34

More free hormone occurs

Question 35

Why does down-regulation happen?

Answer 35

Hormone levels are too high

Question 36

Intracellular molecules involved in hormone signaling

Answer 36

cAMP G-proteins Protein kinases Adenylate cyclase