exam 1

Question 1

Why 20 amino acids?

Answer 1

provide chemical versatility, may have been available for prebiotic reactions, larger amino acids may be too reactive

Question 2

Hydrophobic amino acids

Answer 2

Glycine, Alanine, Proline, Valine, Leucine, Isoleucine, Methionine, Typtophan, Phenylalanine

Question 3

What type of amino acids are on the outside of a protein that is inserted into a membrane, such as a channel?

Answer 3

hydrophobic

Question 4

In the structure of DNA what part is on the inside of the double helix?

Answer 4

bases

Question 5

In the structure of DNA what par is on the outside of the double helix

Answer 5

sugars and phosphates

Question 6

The beginning of a protein amino acid sequence is called the

Answer 6

N-terminus

Question 7

The end of the protein amino acid sequence is called the

Answer 7

C-terminus

Question 8

What type of bond links beta strands in a beta sheet?

Answer 8

hydrogen

Question 9

What level of protein structure is the completely folded 3D structure?

Answer 9

tertiary

Question 10

What is the first step you do when you want to study a protein

Answer 10

purify

Question 11

What type of chromatography allows you to separate a protein based on its charge

Answer 11

ion exchange

Question 12

When enzymes are purified what can be tested to identify its presence

Answer 12

catalytic activity

Question 13

what is removed from mRNA during splicing

Answer 13

introns

Question 14

Polar amino acids

Answer 14

Serine, Threonine, Tyrosine, Asparagine, Glutamine, Cysteine

Question 15

Postively charged amino acids

Answer 15

Lysine, Arginine, Histidine

Question 16

Negatively charged amino acids

Answer 16

Aspartate, Glutamate

Question 17

monomer

Answer 17

molecule or atom that bonds with other monomers to form polymers

Question 18

dimer

Answer 18

set of two units of a molecule connected by a chemical bond

Question 19

subunits

Answer 19

proteins composed of multiple polypeptide chains

Question 20

sequential model

Answer 20

hemoglobin exists in several states

Question 21

concerted model

Answer 21

hemoglobin exists in the T state or R state, binding of oxygen shifts equilibrium

Question 22

Cooperative binding behavior

Answer 22

hemoglobin binds oxygen where it is plentiful and releases it where it is scarce

Question 23

heme group consists of

Answer 23

central iron atom and four linked pyrrole rings

Question 24

deoxymyoglobin

Answer 24

myoglobin in its oxygen free form

Question 25

oxymyoglobin

Answer 25

myoglobin in its oxygen bound form

Question 26

alternative splicing

Answer 26

generates different mRNA from a single gene

Question 27

Km

Answer 27

rate of dissociate divided by the rate of association

Question 28

what can reduce the effect of a competitive inhibitor

Answer 28

concentration of substrate

Question 29

enzymes function by stabilizing the ____ in a rxn

Answer 29

transition state

Question 30

template during translation

Answer 30

mRNA

Question 31

carries amino acids for peptide bond formation

Answer 31

tRNA

Question 32

catalyst for protein synthesis

Answer 32

rRNA

Question 33

mRNA is always transcribed from the _____ strand of DNA.

Answer 33

Template

Question 34

intron

Answer 34

non coding regions

Question 35

anticodon

Answer 35

three complementary bases on the tRNA

Question 36

exon

Answer 36

coding region

Question 37

how host DNA is protected from restriction enzymes?

Answer 37

methylation

Question 38

isoenzymes

Answer 38

enzymes encoded by different genes