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Audiological Rehabilitation > Exam 1 > Flashcards

Exam 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Describe the clinical barriers healthcare providers might not realize impact patient outcomes

A

○ Clinical setting barriers
○ Quality of experience barriers
○ Communication mismatch b/w patient and audiologist
○ Technocentric barriers

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2
Q

Clinical Barriers

Clinical setting barriers

A
  • Parking
  • Office Convience
  • Surrounding Enviorment
  • Apperance of Office
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3
Q

Clincial Barriers

Quality of experience barriers

A
  • Ease of making appointment
  • staff knowledge/helpfulness
  • Wait time
  • perceived priorities of staff
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4
Q

Clincal Barriers

Communication mismatch b/w patient and audiologist

A
  • Offer informatinal counseling when personal adjustment counseling is needed
  • Does it investigae a patients personal activity limitation, participtaion restictions, state of mind or individual communcation needs?
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5
Q

Clinical Barriers

Technocentric barriers

A

■ Offers only product-based solutions

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6
Q

Define Cross-modal reorganiztion

A

Is when the brain adapts by reallocating function that is typically associated with one sensory modality to another sensory modality

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7
Q

Define Encoding

A

is when the brain converts sensory input into neural siganls or patterns to stored, processed and later recalled as memeories!

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8
Q

List types of Perceptual Trainning

A

S: Syntehic Speech Peception
A: Analytic Speech Perception Trainning
A: Active Filter Hypothesis trainning
T: TAP - Transfer Appropriate Processing
M: Meaning Based Orientaion Training

SAAT M

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9
Q

What is Speech Perception Trainning?

A

A structred apporoach to improving auditory processing skills
* Focuses on enhancing the ability to perceive & understand speech espcialy in challenging listning evniroment.

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10
Q

Why is Speech Perception Trainning Important?

A
  • Improve Speech Understaning, especially for PHL
  • Enhance listening skills in noise
  • Improve Auditory Attention
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11
Q

List Core Training Components of speech perception trainning.

A

Auditory Discrimination
Auditory Closure
Auditory Memory
Auditory Attention

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12
Q

List Core Training Components of speech perception trainning.

Auditory Discrimination

A
  • Training the ability to distinguish between similar sounds
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13
Q

Auditory Discrimination activities

A

Minimal Pair drills, sound discrimination exercises

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14
Q

List Core Training Components of speech perception trainning.

Auditory Closure

A

Training the ability to fill in missing speech sounds

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15
Q

Auditory Closure Activties

A

Word & Sentence Completion tasks, listening to degraded speech

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16
Q

List Core Training Components of speech perception trainning.

Auditory Memory

A

Training the ability to retain and recall auditory information

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17
Q

Auditory Memory Activities

A

Digits span tasks, Sentence repetition tasks

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18
Q

List Core Training Components of speech perception trainning.

Auditory Attention

A

Trainning the ability to focus on relevent auditory informtion & ignore background noise

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19
Q

Auditory Attention Activties

A

Dichotic Listening Tasks, listening in noise exercises.

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20
Q

Define Synthetic speech Training

A

Uses top - down processing to take in & analyze information

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21
Q

Define Analytic Speech Training

A

Uses Bottom - up processing to improve recognition of phonemic speech elements

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22
Q

Define Active Filter Hypothesis Training

A

Recognizes emotional factors block effectiveness of listning skills
* Emotions affect listening ability

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23
Q

Define TAP

A

Transfer Appropriate Processing
* Training Tasks that match the PHL desired outcomes more effective
* Using CP’s Voice & Common language used

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24
Q

Define Meaning Based Orientation Training

A

Use trainning materials that activate the language processing centers just like real world communcation

25
Describe the research findings related to cross modal reorganiztion
* Following clinical treatment with hearing aids, a **reversal in cross-modal re-organization of auditory cortex by vision was observed in the ARHL group, coinciding with gains in speech perception and cognitive performance.**
26
Following clinical treatment with hearing aids a ____ in _____ ______ of the auditory cortex by vision was observed in the ______ group coinsiding with gains in _____ & __________
Following Clinical treatment with hearing aids a **reversal** in **cross - modal reorganization** of auditory cortex by vision was observed in the **Age related HL** group coinciding with gains in **speech perception and cognitve performace**
27
# Short version Describe the research findings related to cross modal reorganization
* HA treatement study = reversal in Cross modal re-orgnizaion of auditory cortex * improvment in speech perception & cogntive performance
28
Clincial Implication of research findings related to cross modal reorganization
* beyond usual benefits of HA's the study = evidence that Clinical intervention may promote typical cortical organization & functioning = cognitive benefit * Well Fit Amp needed ( verified fitting required)
29
# Clinical impications of findings related to cross modal reorganization
Beyond the known benefits of hearing aid use on communcation outcomes the study reveled that **clinical intervention** with **well - fit amplification** may promote more **typical cortical organization & Functioning** & provide cognitive beneift.
30
Describe the research findings that show neural plasticity remains present throughout our lifetime. It even exists in the elderly population
Piano Study Outcome: * Faster Processing Speed * Improved Memory * Control Group Showed no changes
31
# Just list categories Which populations tend to maintain advanced brainstem encoding of auditory information skills as they age?
* Musical Trainning * Tonal Langauge Speakers * Bilingual Language Speakers
32
# Details on categories Which populations tend to maintain advanced brainstem encoding of auditory information skills as they age?
* Musical Training overlaps in brain networks that process speech & Music * Tonal Language speakers show enhanced brainstem encoding * Bilingual Language Speakers have greater brainstem encoding of the fundamental frequency
33
# Only answer part 2 Which populations tend to maintain advanced brainstem encoding of auditory information skills as they age? **How can this knowledge be used clinically?**
When compared to age matched peers, older normal-hearing individuals in these populations have: * Faster brainstem timing * Greater representation of the harmonics of a speech syllable * Superior cognitive skills which offset decline in working memory Reccomend these thing to patients
34
how does the Musical training overlaps in anatomical brain networks that process speech and music?
* The **precision** in processing music is **greater than for speech** * The emotion in performing music **induces plasticity** * The **attention** necessary to produce music **improves focus on details**
35
why is this statement true? Even in the absence of hearing loss older adults require an extra +3-5 dB SNR when communicating in noise!
* Partly due to **auditory mismatch** resulting from age realted HL * Reduction in **cognitive processing abilities** - Higher SNR's reduce cognitive load
36
# True or False Even in the absence of hearing loss older adults require an extra +5-7 dB SNR when communicating in noise!
FALSE why is this statement true? Even in the absence of hearing loss older adults require an extra **+3-5 dB** SNR when communicating in noise!
37
Define mild cognitive impairment
* a condition that causes memory and thinking problems that are more severe than normal for a person's age * noticeable cognitive decline that is greater than expected for a person's age but not severe enough to interfere significantly with daily life or independent functioning.
38
Define Crystallized Intelligence
* Ability to use skills * Experiential Knowledge * Does **not decline**
39
Define Fluid Intelligence
* Think Logically * Solve Problems in novel situations * **declines** in people
40
Define Perceptual Training
* A structured approach to improving auditory processing skills * Focuses on enhancing the ability to perceive and understand speech, especially in challenging listening environments
41
Define Auditory Mismatch
Degraded input dosent match long term memory of signal
42
Suprasegmental
* Loudness Variations (intenisty, stress, patterns) * Pitch Variation (intonation) * Duration Varitaions (length of segment)
43
Pattern Recognition
Synthesized **auditory memories are compared to stored patterns in your long term memory**
44
synthesized auditory memory
Where the replica of the acoustic stimulus is stored for 250 msecs
45
echoic memory
creates the perfect replica of the acoustic stimulus | Think echo, copies
46
Why are slow-acting AGC-i compression settings easier to process for patients with poor working memory and cognitive decline?
Becuase slow acting AGC-i * does not alter the speech envelope, * Indiviudals w/ low working memory perform better * prevents auditory mismatch
47
Define auditory mismatch and explain how it relates to speech intelligibility
Auditory Mismatch: The auditory message arriving to the brain is degarded by the auditory system & no longer matches its auditory memory Mismatch in complex listening enviorments = * degraded input doesnt match auditory memory * Working memory processing declines * Cochlear damage = further mismatch of incoming signals * Distorted amplified signal or Unamplified signal does not match phonological representaion in long term memory
48
Which cognitive screening tools identify MCI?
* (MoCA) - Montreal Cognitive Assessment * (SLUMS) - St.Louis University Mental State
49
What in fluid intelligence declines?
* General Sequential reasoning * Working Memory * Processing Speed * Inhibitory Control
50
Cognitions impact on communcation
* as we age allocation of attention & Focus declines making it difficult to block irrelevant information and ignore competing noise As we age Capcity reduces * load is not managed as efficiently in complex enviorments * Capacity reduction requires more time to process signals * Additional processing time = fatigue
51
Explain the meaning of this statement "Hearing loss is considered the most important modifiable risk factor for dementia"
* Hearing loss is associated with accelerated cognitive decline * HL lead to social isolation & lonelieness * HL shifts the cognitive load of the brain * HL accelerates brain atrophy
52
What life experiences preserve an older adult's ability to understand speech in noise?
**Echoic Memory** * Creates replica of acoustic stimulus * Briefly store for 250 msec - Synthesied auditory memory **Pattern Recognition** * Syntheised auditory memoriues are comapred to stored memories **Must be able to store info for 2 secs** in short term while you retirve long term
53
How quickly you process the information will depend on
- Familiarity - How Frequently your exposed to sound - The emotional imortance of the sound
54
What impacts Processing Speed?
A: Allocation of Attention S: Suprasegmental Information C: Complexity of Task C: Capacity & Load
55
Suprasegmental information
Superimposed on acoustic stimuli improving listener accuracy (right hemisphere) and helping the listener separate competing voices
56
Allocation of Attention
Allows us to selectively focus on a limited amount of information - ignore competing noise
57
Complexity of task
more mental effort is needed to understand complex sentences
58
Capacity & Load
capacity is the total reservoir of energy available to spend on a task Load: The total amount of energy that must be spent when load is greater than capacity - fatigue
59
Conversational Principles
CASE * Ease of understanding * Active Participation * Communcation Strategies * Social & Emotional Factors

Audiological Rehabilitation (4 decks)

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