Exam 1

Question 1

Successive approximations are behavioral _____ or _____, each of which more closely resembles the specified terminal behavior.

Answer 1

elements, subsets

Question 2

Reinforcing only responses within a response class that meet a specific criterion and all others on extinction is ______ ______.

Answer 2

differential reinforcement

Question 3

Differential reinforcement is reinforcing selected occasions of behavior as opposed to other _____.

Answer 3

topographies

Question 4

A sequence of responses that each function as a conditioned reinforcer and as a discriminative stimulus is a ____ ____.

Answer 4

behavior chain

Question 5

A behavior chain is a sequence of related behaviors, each of which provides the ____ for the next, and the last producers a _____.

Answer 5

cue, reinforcer

Question 6

In shaping, the sounds “c” and “ca” are ________ ________ to saying the word “car.”

Answer 6

successive approximations

Question 7

Making a peanut butter and jelly sandwich is an example of a ____ ____.

Answer 7

behavior chain

Question 8

_________ responses within a response class that meet a specific criterion and putting all other on ____________is differential reinforcement.

Answer 8

reinforcing, extinction

Question 9

____ is matching the behavior of a model.

Answer 9

imitation

Question 10

The therapist was reinforcing the sound “c” but now only reinforces “ca” and “c” is put on extinction. This is _____ _____.

Answer 10

differential reinforcement

Question 11

Imitative behavior must _____ follow the model.

Answer 11

immediately

Question 12

____________ is teaching new behaviors by differentially reinforcing successive approximations toward that behavior objective.

Answer 12

shaping

Question 13

__________ is when a therapist is differentially reinforcing closer responses to Nia saying the word “fan.”

Answer 13

Shaping

Question 14

Imitative behavior has ____ ____ with a modeling response.

Answer 14

formal similarity

Question 15

Each gradual change of a behavior as it
increasingly approaches its intended topography is a ____ ____.

Answer 15

successive approximation

Question 16

Imitation is a ________ response that could only occur by observing a model.

Answer 16

novel

Question 17

Shaping uses ____ _____ to produce a series of
gradually changing approximations toward a terminal behavior.

Answer 17

differential reinforcement

Question 18

Shaping is ___________ of closer ________ to the final performance.

Answer 18

reinforcement - approximations

Question 19

The sequence of new response classes that
emerge during the shaping process as the result of differential reinforcement are _____
____.

Answer 19

successive approximations

Question 20

In a limited hold, a response must occur within a specific span of _________ after an interval is finished for ____________.

Answer 20

time, reinforcement

Question 21

A ____ _____ is a complex behavior consisting of two or more responses in a definite order.

Answer 21

behavior chain

Question 22

After a six minute interval is complete, reinforcement is only available if a response occurs in two minutes. This is a _____ _____.

Answer 22

limited hold

Question 23

A situation in which reinforcement is available only during a finite time following the elapse of a FI or VI interval is a _____ _____.

Answer 23

limited hold

Question 24

The process of breaking a complex skill or series of behaviors into smaller, teachable units is a _____ _____.

Answer 24

task analysis

Question 25

A _____ _____ is breaking down a complex skill into component behaviors.

Answer 25

behavior chain

Question 26

Breaking tooth brushing into component behaviors is a _____ _____.

Answer 26

task analysis

Question 27

A limited hold is the termination of the availability of a reinforcer if the response to be reinforced does not occur within a _____ _____.

Answer 27

specified time

Question 28

An analysis of complex behavior and sequences of behavior into ______ _____ is a task analysis.

Answer 28

component, responses

Question 29

In a ____-_____ DRO schedule reinforcement is a delivered if the target behavior is not occurring at the end of a fixed amount of time.

Answer 29

fixed, momentary

Question 30

In a DRH, reinforcement is contingent on the ____ of responses in a period of time ____ a criterion

Answer 30

number, exceeding

Question 31

Nia gets access to a preferred item if her rate of hand raising is above two per period. This is a ______ ______________ procedure.

Answer 31

(DRH) differential reinforcement of high rates

Question 32

A ____ _____ _____ is a schedule of reinforcement in which reinforcement is delivered when the target behavior does not occur during or at specific time.

Answer 32

DRO (differential reinforcement of other behavior)

Question 33

The therapist only reinforces hands on desk behavior, which is incompatible with nose picking. This is a ____ _____ _____ procedure.

Answer 33

DRI (differential reinforcement of incompatible behavior)

Question 34

A DRO schedule can be fixed-_____, fixed-interval, _____-interval or variable-momentary

Answer 34

momentary, variable

Question 35

In a ______-______ DRO schedule reinforcement is delivered if the target behavior has not occurred during a fixed amount of time.

Answer 35

fixed interval

Question 36

Resistance to extinction is the amount of time a response will be repeated after it is no longer _____.

Answer 36

reinforced

Question 37

A DRA procedure reinforces _____ behavior while ____ reinforcement for the unwanted response.

Answer 37

alternative, withholding

Question 38

Extinction is breaking the contingency between an ____ and ____ resulting in a declining frequency.

Answer 38

operant, consequence

Question 39

A DRO schedule produces reinforcement after an established ____ interval has passed without the target ____ occurring.

Answer 39

time, behavior

Question 40

A reinforcement procedure where the alternative behavior cannot be emitted simultaneously with the unwanted behavior is a ____ _____ _____.

Answer 40

DRI (differential reinforcement of incompatible behavior)

Question 41

An increase in the frequency of responding when an extinction procedure is initially implemented is called an _____ _____.

Answer 41

extinction burst

Question 42

An extinction burst is a ____ burst of ___ when an extinction procedure is first implemented.

Answer 42

rapid, responses

Question 43

A schedule that provides reinforcement an average of every six responses is a _____ _____.

Answer 43

variable ratio

Question 44

A DRO is _____ of ____ in which reinforcement is delivered when the target behavior does not occur during or at a specific time.

Answer 44

schedule, reinforcement

Question 45

A DRI is the procedure of reinforcing a behavior that is ____ with the target behavior.

Answer 45

incompatible

Question 46

Resistance to extinction is the perseverance of operant behavior when placed on _____.

Answer 46

extinction

Question 47

The relative frequency with which operant behavior is emitted during extinction is _____ ______ _____.

Answer 47

resistance to extinction

Question 48

Extinction is _____ of reinforcement of a _______reinforced behavior.

Answer 48

discontinuation, previously

Question 49

Discontinuation of reinforcement of a target behavior resulting in a diminishing rate is ____.

Answer 49

extinction

Question 50

Variable ratio schedules produce _____ _____ rates of response.

Answer 50

consistent steady

Question 51

A DRI schedule is when reinforcement is ____ for a behavior that is topographically incompatible and ____ following instanced of the problem behavior.

Answer 51

delivered, withheld

Question 52

A ______ _______ schedule of reinforcement requires the completion of a variable number of responses to produce a reinforcer.

Answer 52

variable ratio

Question 53

With a variable ratio schedule, ______ rates of response are expected.

Answer 53

quick

Question 54

Nia's therapist no longer follows her screaming behavior with attention, resulting in declining frequency of screaming responses. This is _____.

Answer 54

extinction

Question 55

An extinction burst is a _____ _____ increase in the rate of previously reinforces responses following extinction.

Answer 55

predictable temporary

Question 56

Nia's therapist implemented an extinction procedure and her hitting behavior increased by 200% for one session. This is likely an _____ _____.

Answer 56

extinction burst

Question 57

Variable interval schedules produce ______, _____ rates of response.

Answer 57

constant, stable

Question 58

A schedule that provides reinforcement an average of every six minutes is a ______ ______.

Answer 58

variable interval

Question 59

A schedule that provides reinforcement every six minutes is a ____ ______.

Answer 59

fixed interval

Question 60

With a fixed ratio schedule, a ______ _____ follows reinforcement.

Answer 60

post-reinforcement pause

Question 61

A schedule that provides reinforcement every six responses is a _______ ______.

Answer 61

fixed ratio

Question 62

With a fixed interval schedule, _______ to ______ rates of response are expected.

Answer 62

slow, moderate

Question 63

A _______ ________ schedule provides reinforcement for the first response following a variable duration of time.

Answer 63

variable interval

Question 64

With a variable interval schedule, ______ to _____ rates of response are expected.

Answer 64

low, moderate

Question 65

A ______ ______ schedule of reinforcement requires the completion of a set number of responses to produce a reinforcer.

Answer 65

fixed ratio

Question 66

With a fixed ratio schedule, _____ rates of response are expected.

Answer 66

quick

Question 67

A ______ ______ schedule provides reinforcement for the first response following a variable duration of time.

Answer 67

variable interval

Question 68

In a DRL, reinforcement is contingent on the ____ of responses in a period of time not ____ a criterion.

Answer 68

number, exceeding

Question 69

In a _____ ______ _____reinforcement is delivered for rates of responding above a specified predetermined criterion.

Answer 69

DRH (differential reinforcement of high rates)

Question 70

In a DRL schedule, reinforcement follows each response that is separates from the previous by a minimum _______ _______ ______.

Answer 70

IRT Inter Response Time

Question 71

In a DRA, the undesired behavior places on _____, and an alternative behavior ______.

Answer 71

Extinction, reinforced

Question 72

In a ______ _______ ______ reinforcement is delivered for a behavior that is a desirable alternative and withheld following instances of the problem behavior.

Answer 72

DRA (differential reinforcement of alternative behavior)

Question 73

In a DRH procedure, behavior is reinforced if it occurs _______ a period of time since its last occurrence.

Answer 73

before

Question 74

A fixed interval schedule produces a __________ during the early part of the interval.

Answer 74

post-reinforcement pause

Question 75

Nia's interrupting behavior persisted when placed on extinction, suggesting a _______ _______ _______.

Answer 75

resistance to extinction

Question 76

Nia gets access to a preferred item if her rate of hitting is below two per hour. This is a _____ ______ _____ procedure.

Answer 76

DRL (differential reinforcement of low rates)

Question 77

In a ______ ______ ______ schedule, behavior is reinforced if it occurs following a period of time since its last occurrence.

Answer 77

DRL (differential reinforcement of low rates)

Question 78

The therapist only reinforces hand-raising which is more desirable to calling out. This is a _____ ____ _____ procedure.

Answer 78

DRA (differential reinforcement of alternative behavior)