Exam 1 Flashcards
(74 cards)
Individual- rights vs. public order advocates:
Individual rights advocates are one who seeks to protect personal freedoms within the process of criminal justice. Public order advocate is one who believes that under certain circumstances involving a criminal threat to public safety, the interests of society should take precedence over individual rights.
Social Justice issues
Social justice is an ideal that embraces all aspects of civilized life and that is linked to fundamental notions of fairness and to cultural beliefs about right and wrong. Social justice issues include problems between rich and poor, between sexes, between ethnic groups and minorities.
Consensus vs. conflict model
Consensus model is a criminal justice perspective that assumes that the system’s components work together harmoniously to achieve the social product we call justice. A conflict model is a criminal justice perspective that assumes that the system’s components function primarily to serve their own interests. According to this theoretical framework, justice is more a product of conflict among agencies within the system than it is the result of cooperation among component agencies.
CJ process(order and what happens)
Investigation-Warrant-Arrest-Booking-First appearance-Preliminary hearing-Information or indictment-Arraignment-Adjudication–Corrections
Due process
A criminal justice perspective that emphasizes individual rights at all stages if justice system processing
Crime control vs. due process:
Crime control is a criminal justice perspective that emphasizes the efficient arrest and conviction of criminal offenders. The due process is a criminal justice perspective that emphasizes individual rights at all stages of justice-system processing.
Evidence based practice:
Crime fighting strategies that have been scientifically tested and are based on social science research
UCR/NIBRS
A statistical reporting program run by the FBIs CJ Information services division. The UCR program publishes “crime in the United States”. Which provides annual summation of the incidence and rate of reported crimes throughout the United States.
NIBRS-
National incident- based reporting program
Murder
Murder is the unlawful killing of one human being by another.
Rape. vs forcible rape vs. sexual battery
Rape is Unlawful sexual intercourse achieved through force and without consent. More specifically, penetration, no matter how slight, of the vagina or anus with any body part or object, or oral penetration. Focible rape is unlawful sexual intercourse with a minor. Sexual battery is intentional and wrongful physical contact with a person without his or her consent, that entails a sexual component or purpose.
Robbery-
Is the unlawful taking or attempted of property that is in the immediate possession of another by force or violence and or by putting the victim in fear. Armed robbery differs from unarmed robbery.
Assaults(misdemeanor) vs. aggravated assaults(felony)
Unlawful attack by one person upon another. Historically, assault meant only an attempt to inflict injury. Aggravated assaults differ from assaults because either a weapon is used or the victim is in need of medical assistants.
Burglary
Unlawful entry of a structure to commit a felony or theft. It is property crime- burglars usually have a financial motive
Larceny- theft and identity theft
Larceny theft is taking or attempting, carrying, learning or riding away of property from the possession or constructive possession of another. Motor vehicles are excluded. Larceny is the most common of the eight major offenses, although probably only a small percentage of all larcenies is actually reported to the police because of the small dollar amounts involved. Larceny is another word for theft. Identity theft is a crime in which an importer obtains key pieces of information , such as social security and driver license numbers to obtain credit, merchandise, and services in the name of the victim. The victim is often left ruined credit history.
Motor vehicle theft
The theft or attempted theft of a motor vehicle. Motor vehicle is defined as a self - propelled road vehicle that runs on land surface and not on rails.
Arson
Is any willful or malicious burning or attachment to burn, with or without intent to defraud, a swelling house , public building or personal property. This could be to claim insurance money, disguise other crimes.
National crime victimization survey:
A second major source of statistical data about crime in the US is the national crime victimization survey. Which is based on victim self reports rather than police reports. Dark figures of crime that are not reported to the police and therefore remain unknown.
Women
Women are is a special area of concern mostly in cities, date rape, familial incest, intimate partner violence, stalking and the exploitation of women in pron and pornography are the major issues in american society. The violence against women’s act.
Elderly
Elderly are rarely in crime statistics. Criminal victimization seems to drop with age, old people are more likely to be concerned about personal security.
Gun
Gun crime is american culture, the constitution gives the right to bear arms and gun control. 52-53
Drug
FBI is saying that drug crime is rising even when crime is dropping, legalizing marijuana, driving under the influence is still illegal 54-55
Substantive law
The part of the law that defines crimes and specifies punishments
Procedural law
The part of law that specifies the methods to be used in enforcing
