Exam 1

Question 1

Simple eyes

Answer 1

Crude images

Question 2

Spinnerets

Answer 2

Building webs, wrapping prey, making egg sacs

Question 3

Pedipalps

Answer 3

Touch, taste

Question 4

Chelicerae

Answer 4

Fangs, bite prey, inject venom

Question 5

Cephalothorax

Answer 5

Contains the eyes, mouth, and legs. Jointed by abdomen

Question 6

Book lungs

Answer 6

Gas exchange between hemolymph and air, located in abdomen of an insect

Question 7

Abdomen

Answer 7

AIDS in flight control and respiration

Question 8

Body plan of Opiliones

Answer 8

2 simple eyes, very long legs, no spinnerets, segmented abdomen, cephalothorax and abdomen are broadly jointed together

Question 9

Labrum

Answer 9

Upper lip, roof of mouth

Question 10

Labium

Answer 10

Lower lip, base of mouth

Question 11

Mandibles

Answer 11

Move side to side, teeth for chewing and breaking down food

Question 12

Hypopharynx

Answer 12

Tongue like structure for manipulating food

Question 13

Maxillae

Answer 13

Inner lacinia and galea from manipulating food, palp for tasting

Question 14

What type of circulatory system do insects have?

Answer 14

Open

Question 15

What fluid circulates through the body cavity and tissues of insects

Answer 15

Hemolymph

Question 16

What is the name of the tubular structure that pumps hemolymph in insects?

Answer 16

Medial dorsal aorta

Question 17

What feature of the insect circulatory system allows for later exchange?

Answer 17

Ostia (openings in the aorta)

Question 18

Which way does the lateral openings push the hemolymph?

Answer 18

Forward and posteriorly (from hind to heart)

Question 19

Hemolymph has what type of cells?

Answer 19

Phagocytic cells

Question 20

What does hemolymph not carry?

Answer 20

O2

Question 21

Respiratory system has what spiracles?

Answer 21

Paired

Question 22

Where are the spiracles located?

Answer 22

Thoracic

Question 23

What do the abdominal segments do?

Answer 23

Let air in and out

Question 24

What are the functions of the air sacs?

Answer 24

Help ventilate the trachea

Question 25

Where does the air go?

Answer 25

Through spiracles that supply tissues with O2 and carry off O2

Question 26

Stemmata

Answer 26

1 rabdom and 1 corneal lens.

Question 27

Ocelli

Answer 27

Several rhabdoms, crude and unfocused images

Question 28

Compound eyes

Answer 28

Ommatidia, mosaic vision, pigment cells

Question 29

Egg

Answer 29

Contains embryo on one side of the yolk

Question 30

Larvae

Answer 30

Wing pads develop internally, feeds voraciously

Question 31

Pupa

Answer 31

Many larval tissue are removed, adult structures develop from imaginable disks

Question 32

Adult

Answer 32

Winged, sexually mature form emerges from the pupa. Often eats different food than larva

Question 33

What controls the molt?

Answer 33

JH and ecdysone ration along with diapause - aestivation: dry, hot diapause -hibernation: cold diapause

Question 34

What are HOX genes and proteins?

Answer 34

HOX genes are found on chromosome 3 and they regulate the development of regions like segments with homeobox, a DNA sequence that encodes the homeodomain protein. This protein helps ensure that tissue and organs develop in the correct location and form.

Question 35

What is parthenogenesis?

Answer 35

Form of asexual reproduction

Question 36

What is an advantage to parthenogenesis?

Answer 36

Rapid reproduction, no need for energy expenditure, and favorable genetic traits

Question 37

Disadvantages of parthenogenesis?

Answer 37

Lack of genetic diversity, inbreeding depression, and limited ability to adapt to environmental changes

Question 38

What is taxis?

Answer 38

Direct movement towards or away from stimulus

Question 39

What is kinesis?

Answer 39

Turning less frequently when more stimulated When less stimulated, they have more frequency

Question 40

What unique features are found in the sub-phylum crustacea?

Answer 40

Swimmerets, carapace, two pair of antennae, mandibles, forked appendages

Question 41

What characteristics are shared by all arthropods?

Answer 41

Chitin, exoskeleton, segmentation of the body/ appendages

Question 42

Function of trichoid sensilla

Answer 42

Allow insects to sense their surroundings

Question 43

Function of the chordotonal organs

Answer 43

Function as mechanoreceptors, detects mechanical stimuli such as vibrations, sound waives, or body movements

Question 44

Function of the multiporous sensilla

Answer 44

Sensilla is characterized by having multiple pores on the surface, which allow them to detect a variety of chemical and mechanical stimuli

Question 45

Function of tympanal organs

Answer 45

Mechanoreceptors for sound detection

Question 46

What kind of pheromones are used by pine beetles?

Answer 46

Aggression and spacing hormone

Question 47

What are pheromones?

Answer 47

Communication within one species

Question 48

What are allomones

Answer 48

Communication with other species