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Organic Chem. > Exam 1 > Flashcards

Exam 1 Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the structure that almost all aromatic compounds contain?

A

The benzene arrangement of six carbon atoms

Benzene is a fundamental structure in organic chemistry, particularly in aromatic compounds.

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2
Q

What is benzene classified as?

A

A known carcinogen

Benzene exposure is associated with an increased risk of cancer.

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3
Q

What was naphthalene historically used for?

A

To protect wool

Naphthalene is a polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon that was commonly used in mothballs.

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4
Q

How does toluene compare in reactivity?

A

Less reactive to changing gas confer

Toluene is often used as a solvent due to its lower reactivity.

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5
Q

What are the three arrangements of side groups attached to an aromatic ring?

A

Ortho (1,2), meta (1,3), para (1,4)

These arrangements are important for understanding the properties of substituted aromatic compounds.

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6
Q

Fill in the blank: The arrangement 1,2 is known as _______.

A

ortho

Ortho arrangements can affect the physical and chemical properties of the compound.

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7
Q

Fill in the blank: The arrangement 1,3 is known as _______.

A

meta

Meta arrangements have different reactivity compared to ortho and para.

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8
Q

Fill in the blank: The arrangement 1,4 is known as _______.

A

para

Para arrangements often exhibit unique properties and reactivities.

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9
Q

What is P-dichlorobenzene?

A

A compound with two chlorine atoms attached to a benzene ring in a para arrangement

P-dichlorobenzene is commonly used as a pesticide and deodorant.

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10
Q
A
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11
Q

What are regioisomers?

A

Isomers that differ in the position of substituents on a molecular structure

Regioisomers have the same molecular formula but different connectivity of atoms.

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12
Q

What is the priority order for the following groups when numbering in organic chemistry?

A
  1. OH
  2. NH2
  3. CH3
  4. I

This priority is used when determining the numbering of substituents in aromatic compounds.

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13
Q

What is the common name for 2-methyl phenol?

A

I-methyl phenol

This compound is often used in organic synthesis.

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14
Q

What is the common name for 3-amino toluene?

A

m-amino toluene

This compound has an amino group in the meta position relative to the methyl group.

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15
Q

What is the importance of numbering substituents in organic compounds?

A

To assign the lowest possible locants to the substituents

This ensures clarity in the naming of compounds.

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16
Q

Which compound has the structure CH3O-?

A

p-methoxy toluene

This compound features a methoxy group in the para position.

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17
Q

What is catechol?

A

A compound with two hydroxyl groups on adjacent carbon atoms of a benzene ring

It is also known as 1,2-dihydroxybenzene.

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18
Q

What is the structure of aniline?

A

C6H5NH2

Aniline is a simple aromatic amine.

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19
Q

What is anisole?

A

C6H5OCH3

Anisole is an aromatic ether.

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20
Q

Fill in the blank: Aromatic hydrocarbons seem like ______, but they do not behave like them.

A

alkenes

This highlights the unique stability of aromatic compounds.

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21
Q

True or False: Chlorine gas readily adds to benzene under normal conditions.

A

False

Chlorine gas does not add to benzene without special conditions.

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22
Q

What happens when chlorine gas adds to benzene under special conditions?

A

It forms HCl gas

This reaction indicates the unique reactivity of aromatic compounds.

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23
Q

What is the degree of unsaturation in a compound with 1 ring and 3 double bonds?

A

4

Degree of unsaturation indicates the number of rings and pi bonds in a compound.

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24
Q

What is the structure of 2-amino-5-hydroxy-toluene?

A

A compound with an amino group at position 2 and a hydroxyl group at position 5 on a toluene ring

This compound illustrates the attachment of functional groups on a benzene derivative.

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25
What is the structure of 1-hydroxy-3-methyl-4-amino benzene?
A compound with a hydroxyl group at position 1, a methyl group at position 3, and an amino group at position 4 on a benzene ring ## Footnote This naming reflects the positions of the substituents clearly.
26
27
What is the predicted product when benzene rings react with bromine?
The predicted product is brominated benzene ## Footnote Benzene rings are unusually stable, so a catalyst is often needed to facilitate the reaction.
28
What are phenols?
Phenols are benzene rings with attached hydroxy groups ## Footnote The hydroxy group (-OH) significantly affects the reactivity and properties of phenols.
29
What is an example of a phenol?
Phenol ## Footnote Phenol itself is a simple example of a compound classified as a phenol.
30
What is m-chlorophenol?
m-chlorophenol is a chlorinated derivative of phenol ## Footnote The 'm' denotes the position of the chlorine substituent on the benzene ring.
31
What is p-amino phenol?
p-amino phenol is another derivative of phenol with an amino group ## Footnote It is used in the synthesis of acetaminophen.
32
Fill in the blank: _______ is used in the synthesis of acetaminophen.
p-amino phenol ## Footnote Acetaminophen is a widely used pain reliever and fever reducer.
33
True or False: Benzene rings require a catalyst for all reactions.
False ## Footnote While benzene rings are stable and often require a catalyst for certain reactions, not all reactions necessitate one.
34
What role do catalysts play in reactions involving benzene rings?
Catalysts lower the activation energy required for the reaction ## Footnote This makes it easier for the reaction to occur without significantly altering the equilibrium.
35
36
What is the pKa value of phenols?
pKa = 10 ## Footnote This indicates that phenols are unusually strong acids.
37
How do phenols differ from carboxylic acids in terms of acidity?
Phenols are easily separated from carboxylic acids due to their higher pKa value. ## Footnote Carboxylic acids typically have a lower pKa value, making them stronger acids.
38
What is the purpose of a separatory funnel in organic chemistry?
To separate compounds based on their solubility in different solvents. ## Footnote In the context given, it is used to separate phenols from carboxylic acids.
39
What functional groups are characterized by a carbonyl group?
Aldehydes and Ketones ## Footnote Both contain the carbonyl (C=O) functional group.
40
What distinguishes an aldehyde from a ketone?
An aldehyde has at least one hydrogen atom attached to the carbonyl carbon, while a ketone has two carbon groups attached. ## Footnote Aldehydes are generally represented as RCHO, while ketones are represented as R2C=O.
41
Fill in the blank: Phenols are unusually strong acids with a pKa of _______.
10
42
True or False: The pKa of a typical carboxylic acid is higher than that of phenols.
False ## Footnote Carboxylic acids generally have lower pKa values than phenols.
43
44
What is the naming convention for aldehydes?
Naming of aldehydes goes according to chain length with some common name exceptions. ## Footnote Examples include Benzaldehyde and Vanillin.
45
What is the structure of Benzaldehyde?
H₅C₆CHO ## Footnote Benzaldehyde is the simplest aromatic aldehyde.
46
How do you name ketones?
Naming of ketones uses either longest chain reasoning or stating the groups on either side of the carbonyl group. ## Footnote This can include structures like dibenzyl ketone.
47
What is the structure of dibenzyl ketone?
C₆H₅CH₂C(=O)CH₂C₆H₅ ## Footnote Dibenzyl ketone consists of two benzyl groups attached to a carbonyl group.
48
Provide an example of a ketone with a specific structure.
4-methyl-4-hexen-2-one ## Footnote This ketone has a specific chain structure with a double bond.
49
What is the alternative name for Vanillin?
2-methoxy-4-aldehyde phenol ## Footnote Vanillin is commonly known as a flavor compound.
50
Fill in the blank: The naming of aldehydes has some common name ______.
exceptions
51
True or False: The naming of ketones is always based on the longest chain.
False ## Footnote Ketones can also be named by stating the groups on either side of the carbonyl.
52
53
What type of interactions increase the boiling points of carbonyl compounds?
Dipole-dipole interactions ## Footnote These interactions arise due to the polarity of carbonyl compounds.
54
What explains the stability of the anion formed after the loss of an a-hydrogen in ketones and aldehydes?
Resonance ## Footnote Resonance allows for the delocalization of electrons, contributing to the stability of the anion.
55
What is a characteristic property of ketones and aldehydes regarding acidity?
They are weak acids ## Footnote This is due to the presence of an a-hydrogen atom.
56
True or False: Carbonyl compounds are non-polar.
False ## Footnote Carbonyl compounds are polar due to their structure.
57
Fill in the blank: Carbonyl compounds have higher boiling points and greater solubility in polar solvents due to _______.
dipole-dipole intermolecular forces ## Footnote These forces are a result of the polarity of carbonyl compounds.
58
59
What type of compounds often have pleasant odors and are used in the perfume industry?
Aldehydes and ketones ## Footnote Aldehydes and ketones often come from flowers and trees.
60
What is the highest priority functional group in aldehydes?
C=O ## Footnote The carbonyl group is the defining feature of aldehydes.
61
Which compound is known for its lemon odor?
Geranial ## Footnote Geranial is a component that contributes to a lemon-like scent.
62
What is the source of carvone from caraway?
(+) - carvone ## Footnote Carvone is a compound that has distinctive odors, depending on its source.
63
What must be broken to create the enantiomer of carvone?
A bond ## Footnote The process of creating enantiomers often involves breaking specific bonds.
64
What functional group defines carboxylic acids?
Carboxy group ## Footnote The carboxy group consists of a carbonyl and a hydroxyl group.
65
Fill in the blank: Aldehydes and ketones often come from _______.
flowers and trees
66
True or False: Ketones are characterized by the presence of a carboxy group.
False ## Footnote Ketones are characterized by a carbonyl group (C=O) but do not have a carboxy group.
67

Organic Chem. (1 decks)

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