exam 1

Question 1

what is the dualism view of the mind-brain problem

Answer 1

the body is made of matter, the mind is a separate entity

Question 2

which mind-brain view is most common in neuroscience

Answer 2

materialistic monism

Question 3

what is a major drawback of descartes view of the mind-brain problem

Answer 3

not empirically tested

Question 4

how have gage and tan contributed to our understanding of the brain

Answer 4

these cases have shown that localized brain areas control specific behaviors

Question 5

whcih theory was consistent witht he idea of localization

Answer 5

phrenology

Question 6

what is the vulerability model

Answer 6

the more genes one has to produce a disorder, the lower the threshold required to produce it

Question 7

what does the vulnerability model establish

Answer 7

nature and nurture interact to produce a characteristic or disorder

Question 8

what is used by scientists to determine the relative influence of genetics and experience on behavioral traits

Answer 8

concordance rates in twin pairs

Question 9

model

Answer 9

a proposed mechanism to explain how soemthing complex works

Question 11

who first mesured the speed of conducti0on in nerves

Answer 11

Hermann von Helmholtz

Question 12

what did fritsch and hitzig do

Answer 12

movement can be produced in an animal by providing electrical current to brain (dog)

Question 13

the degree of genetic similarity between identical twins is

Answer 13

100

Question 14

this part of the neuron recieves information from other neurons and sensory cells

Answer 14

dendrite

Question 15

motor neurons and interneurons describe which class of neuron

Answer 15

multipolar

Question 16

glial cells found in the cns; glial cells found in the pns

Answer 16

oligodendrocytes, schwann cells

Question 17

the neural membrane is comprised of

Answer 17

lipids and protiens

Question 18

polarization

Answer 18

the series of charged states under which the neuron exists due to the selective permeability of the neural membrane

Question 19

to make the cell go from resting to firing, exitatory signals from nearby neurons cause a ______________ in a small area of the membrane

Answer 19

depolarization

Question 20

behavior of the neural membrane that enables the neuron to communicate over long distances is called a

Answer 20

action potential

Question 21

which ion exits the cell first during an action potential

Answer 21

K+

Question 22

ions

Answer 22

charged atoms that have gained or lost one or more electrons

Question 23

partial depolarization of a segment of membrane causes

Answer 23

normally closed sodium ion channels to open, letting sodium into that part of the cell

Question 24

absolute refractory period

Answer 24

the cell cannot fire again because sodium channels are closed

Question 25

what experiment did Loewi perform to show that most synapses are chemical

Answer 25

altered the heart rate in frogs by bathing one heart in solution he collected from another heart

Question 26

vesicles are stored in the

Answer 26

axon terminal

Question 27

neurotransmitters that open ion channells do so by docking on a

Answer 27

receptor

Question 28

what occurs during an EPSP

Answer 28

sodium ions enter the cell

Question 29

what occurs during an IPSP

Answer 29

Chloride ions enter a cell

Question 30

if postsynaptic potentials arrive from the same input and a short time apart, what will occur?

Answer 30

temporal summation

Question 31

what detect the amount of neurotransmitter in the synaptic cleft?

Answer 31

autoreceptors

Question 32

ramon y cahal discovered neurons were separate cells, thus establishing

Answer 32

neuron doctrine

Question 33

what causes ion channels on the postsynaptic cell to open directly, having a rapid effect on the neuron?

Answer 33

ionotropic

Question 34

when the voltage of a neuron becomes more negative, the cell is said to be in a state of

Answer 34

hyperpolarization

Question 35

are terms relating to when a cell is more likely to fire an action potential?

Answer 35

EPSP, hypopolarization

Question 36

what does the lower part of the hollow tube develop into?

Answer 36

the spinal cord

Question 37

what brain area is involved in planning, impulse control, decision making, and behavior adjustment

Answer 37

prefrontal cortex

Question 38

the post-central gyrus is also called what? What does it do?

Answer 38

primary somatosensory cortex; processes skin senses

Question 39

this part of the brain is concerned with visual identification of objects (faces/places)

Answer 39

inferior temporal cortex

Question 40

the earliest cortical region to process visual information is the

Answer 40

primary visual cortex (V1)

Question 41

the area of the brain that controls drives

Answer 41

hypothalamus

Question 42

superhighway of dense fibers connecting brain hemispheres

Answer 42

corpus callosum

Question 43

what is the primary somatosensory cortex mapped with

Answer 43

homunculus

Question 44

what is a gyrus

Answer 44

a ridge on the cortex

Question 45

cerebral hemispheres are separated by the

Answer 45

longitudinal fissue