Exam 1

Question 1

colonial korea

Answer 1

late 1800s, japan moves in during their expansion. used for raw materials. initially a multi-ethnic empire but gradually shifts to uniformity, pushes subjects to bow to the emperor, take japanese names, speak the language.

Question 2

imperial japan

Answer 2

colonizing power in korea, move in during thier empire expansion in the late 1800s.

Question 3

parts of j colonial rule and governor general of chosen

Answer 3

military (1910-19, overt oppression)

cultural politics (1920-31, after the march 1st movement, subtle control)

wartime mobilization (1931-45, manchirian incident and wwii conscription)

GGK = imperial/colonial administrator in korea, a j official whos basically ruling over them from 1910-45. rule by decree

Question 4

march 1st movement (1919)

Answer 4

korean nationalist protest for independence and against j, super important national holiday now

Question 5

yomiuri project

Answer 5

japanese journalists in 2005 reexamine the results of wwii and outcome of the tokyo trials. come to the same conclusion as the tokyo trials did, that the emperor’s cabinet did the evil but not the emperor himself. asking who is responsible for the war

the individuals who did evil shit are dead, so everything’s fine now

Question 6

economic policy in colonial korea

Answer 6

UNDERDEVELOPMENT policy creating raw materials for export.

commercial interests in mining, forests, fishing, construction, and rice.

Question 7

name change order (1940)

Answer 7

issued by the GGK, says that koreans may change their names to japanese. earlier, koreans were not allowed to take on japanese names. trying to present a homogenous japanese empire

Question 8

special volunteers to conscription (1938-44)

Answer 8

starting in 1938, koreans had the option to volunteer for jap army or navy and it was seen a a big honor. in 1944 that was changed to general conscription

Question 9

yasukuni shrine controversy

Answer 9

the shrine commemorated japanese war veterans, but the forcefully conscripted (taiwanese, chinese, korean) are also listed.
the shrine honors war criminals who comitted atrocities during wwii and keeps resurfacing as a controversial thing

Question 10

post-wwii problems

Answer 10

agricultural economy and landlords
disputes over korean leadership
korean diaspora, matter of refugees and returnees
physical infrastructure

Question 11

tokyo trials

Answer 11

1946-48, trying to hold japan accountable for war crimes, crimes against humanity, knowingly doing insane harm. emperor hirohito is found not at fault for the actions of the military higher-ups. have been reexamined over and over again.

bilateral agreement that japan’s individuals were responsible, but nothing of collective responsibility or reparations – money came to korea, sure, but at the benefit of japan

Question 12

shinmin and kokumin

Question 13

why have new voices emerged post-cold war?

Answer 13

people who could not talk/were forced to keep silent can come forward bc those in charge are now dead

opportunity to hear their voices now that iron curtain is down

wider accessibility/platform to be heard on

Question 14

silences (4) **

Answer 14

affability
reconciliation
suubstitution
absence

Question 15

operations of memory (3) **

Answer 15

terrains (official, vernacular, personal)
vectors
chrono-politics

Question 16

chrysanthemum taboo

Answer 16

can’t talk shit about the japanese emperor

Question 17

hodge vs. chistiakov

Answer 17

hodge is the USA general, very in-your-face ‘we are taking over’, says you better not fight or else korea will be destroyed and needless death will occur

chistiakov is the Soviet general, less in-your-face and says they won’t force their communist ideals onto you

Question 18

kim ku and his wish

Answer 18

korean politician and nationalist, ran the provisional government in shanghai until 1945, leader of korean independence movement against japan.

wish: a unified completely independent korean nation with no trustees, and an ideology that will promote peace, happiness, and prosperity for all citizens.

Question 19

KCP

Answer 19

korean communist party, revived after wwii that campaigned for a total violent jap overthrow and ‘korea for koreans’

advocate for minimum wwage, labor reforms and limits, unemployment and social security relief, and one single progressive income tax.

Question 20

agnes kim

Answer 20

white woman who married a korean and moved to korea with him after wwii. notes a general resentment for america sending korean broken ‘aid’ and highlighting the refugree problem with displaced from NK

Question 21

kapitan lee

Answer 21

short story about a korean doctor who serves the wealthy japanese, when the war ends he is accused of being pro-japanese and winds up in a soviet jail, where he saves a sick soviet bigshot and eventually is released with plans to go to the USA

Question 22

syngman rhee

Answer 22

SK politician who was SK’s first president from 48 to 60. korean nationalist who moved to the USA as a spokesperson for korean independence, and was favored by USA because they knew him best. has a police following and goes autocratic, is eventually exiled in Hawaii

Question 23

1948 SK elections

Answer 23

held in south korea. would elect government officials to legislate the national assembly, which creates SK’s constitution and government.

protests against the vote because it would further divide the N and S and prevent future unification efforts

Question 24

brazinsky’s arguments

Answer 24

USA continued to prop up Rhee even when they knew he was corrupt because he was familiar to them.
they were anti-communist, Rhee was anti-communist, and so maintaining USA’s containment strategy was more important than dealing with the autocrat.

Question 25

cairo conference (1943)

Answer 25

allies pledge to continue war against japan and push jap out of all the territories it conquered, including korea established korean trusteeship, they will gain thier independence "in due course"

Question 26

yalta conference (1945)

Answer 26

allies meet to discuss the postwar reorganization of germany and europe. brings the soviets into the pacific, which is how they end up with north korea.

Question 27

korean people's committees

Answer 27

local committee-governments that appeared throughout k after wwii. pro-soviet, ideologically communist, oversaw the transition from soviet occupation to the DPRK. groups in the south were wiped out by USA forces because they were pro-communist. dissolved by USMGIK

Question 28

demilitarized zone

Answer 28

established in the armistice agreement between N and S korea, concluding korean war. it's 400 m, dividing into N and S, crosses 38th p on an angle, and is supposed to be a buffer zone to prevent another conflict from breaking out. the borders are so insanely militarized.

Question 29

soviet civil administration

Answer 29

government of north korea from 1945-48, working with people's committees with the goal of actively constructing legal and cultural institutions koreans take administrative positions, working with vs. domineering

Question 30

USMGIK

Answer 30

USA military government in Korea. not a good time. military dictatorship basically, the ruling body of south korea from 1945-48. lots of turmoil under USMGIK, there's many hurdles for them to overcome but lots of mass killings occur because they're wiping out the KPCs.

Question 31

grandmother's flower

Question 32

rightists vs. leftists

Answer 32

left -- communists right -- conservatism long-standing issues between these groups of people. mass killings sponsored by both. SK is right, NK is left, so much conflict.

Question 33

DPRK

Answer 33

NK government.

Question 34

ROK

Answer 34

SK government.

Question 35

tasks for USA soldiers under USMGIK (7)

Answer 35

repatriate jap troops and koreans in japan set up agricultural system deal with food shortages, food = democracy education reform police force development nursing, innoculation, public health modernizing infrastructure

Question 36

korean armistice agreement

Answer 36

july 1953, formally ends war in korea. NS are separate, super long negotiations. suspends open hostilities withdraws military forces and created the DMZ cannot cross into the others' terriroty release and repatriation of POW and the displaces estamblished the Military Armistice Commussion to ensure adherence to terms NOT A PERMANENT PEACE TREATY nobody can cross over the DMZ anymore, and it will reamin in effect until superceeded by mutually acceptably amendments... so no change unless both sides agree.

Question 37

korean war (1950-53)

Answer 37

conflict between N and S korea. unclear who started it first. super violent, seen as the forgotten war since it's so close to the end of wwii and the start of vietnam. part 1: war for the south in 1950 summer part 2: war for the north in 1950 fall/winter part 3: chinese intervention with 2 years of trench warfare in the DMZ. brutality on both sides, no military victory was possible.

Question 38

chin-il discourse

Answer 38

aka; pro-j collaboration. it's a political issue in SK that emerges in the 1980s, belief that the pure korean state shouldn't be tainted by collaboration. Emerges as a part of democratization and decolonization USA re-hired pro-j collaborators and resurrected the colonial bureaucracy.

Question 39

korean cultural cold war (1945-50)

Answer 39

N and S creates a preferential historical narrative and promotes thier own government structures. use subtle political measures to win the hearts and minds of the occupied and the other side. proliferation of propaganda, emergence of Fulbright program, CIA, Office of Civil Info, US Info Services

Question 40

USIS

Answer 40

US Info Services in korea. production units for films, exhibits, radio, publications, any pop culture thing that can appeal to the occupied and present the 'American war of life' films are very important and influential at this time

Question 41

jeju island (spring 1948 - spring 1949)

Answer 41

SK state violence against civilians. Island is decimated and many flee to japan. inhabitants protest the elections because they thought it would entrench division of the country, and they fight back against the police meant to silence them by force. Rhee launches an 'eradication campaign' and kills so many people, sympathizers are later killed during the korean war.

Question 42

yeosu-suncheon (october 1948)

Answer 42

SK state-sponsored violence. military there refuses to go to Jeju and fights back against the government/Rhee's handling of the uprising.

Question 43

national security law NSL (1948)

Answer 43

for the sake of national security, your human rights given by the SK constitution can be suspended in favor of the state's survival. allows government crackdown on suspected communist individuals, state-lead violence

Question 44

national guidance alliance (1949)

Answer 44

if you promise to renounce communism, gov't said you'd be forgiven -- just put your name on a list and we'll wipe the slate clean list is then used to round people up regardless of whether or not they are communist and they are all killed. SK state-sponsored violence.