Exam 1

Question 1

Anabolic Reaction

Answer 1

Metabolic reaction that builds up things.

Question 2

Spontaneous Reaction

Answer 2

Releases energy available to do work

Question 3

Activation Energy

Answer 3

Required investment of energy for both spontaneous and non-spontaneous reactions to proceed

Question 4

Kinetic Energy

Answer 4

Energy of Motion

Question 5

Competitive inhibition

Answer 5

Blocks enzyme activity by binding to the active site

Question 6

Potential energy

Answer 6

Stored energy (one of the two broadest classes of energy)

Question 7

ATP

Answer 7

Point of use energy source. Directly powers reactions in cells

Question 8

Allosteric Inhibitor

Answer 8

Turns off an enzyme. Does not bind to active site

Question 9

Non-spontaneous Reaction

Answer 9

Reaction that requires an input of energy

Question 10

Enzyme

Answer 10

A biological catalyst. Usually a protein

Question 11

1st Law of Termodynamics

Answer 11

Energy is never created or destroyed

Question 12

Entropy

Answer 12

The increasing amount of disorder

Question 13

Active Site

Answer 13

Substrate binding site of an enzyme

Question 14

Catabolic Reaction

Answer 14

Metabolic reactions that break things down

Question 15

Evaporation

Answer 15

A cooling process

Question 16

Cohesion

Answer 16

How much a substance sticks to itself

Question 17

Adhesion

Answer 17

How much a substance sticks to a different substance

Question 18

Isomer

Answer 18

Molecules with the same chemical formula but different chemical shapes

Question 19

Isotope

Answer 19

Atoms with the same number of protons but a different number of neutrons

Question 20

Hydrogen Bond

Answer 20

A misnomer- attraction between the positive charge of a H atom in a molecule and the negative charge of an atom like O, N, or F in a molecule

Question 21

Soap

Answer 21

An everyday compound that dissolves in water and reduces the surface tension of water

Question 22

Ionic Bond

Answer 22

One atom gives up an electron and the other atom takes an electron

Question 23

baking soda

Answer 23

a buffer commonly found in the kitchen

Question 24

H2O

Answer 24

Molecule whose liquid form is more dense than its solid form

Question 25

Atomic Mass

Answer 25

Approximately the sum of protons and neutrons in the atoms of an element

Question 26

Electronegativity

Answer 26

How strongly a functional group or the nucleus of an atom attracts electrons

Question 27

Radiation emitted by C-14 decomposition

Answer 27

Beta radiation

Question 28

Chitin

Answer 28

Molecule made by crustaceans- contains nitrogen and beta glycosidic linkages

Question 29

Atomic Number

Answer 29

The number of protons an atom of an element has

Question 30

Polar covalent bond

Answer 30

Two atoms sharing electrons unequally

Question 31

Base

Answer 31

Releases -OH to a solution or absorbs protons from the solution

Question 32

Flourine

Answer 32

Most electronegative atom

Question 33

Non-polar Covalent bond

Answer 33

Two atoms sharing electrons equally or close to equally

Question 34

Acid

Answer 34

Release protons to a solution or absorbs -OH from the solution

Question 35

Enantiomer

Answer 35

Left and right handed versions of a molecule

Question 36

Cellulose

Answer 36

Molecule made by plants- contains beta glycosidic linkages

Question 37

Radiometric dating

Answer 37

Using the rate of decay of unstable isotopes to determine how long ago something died. After death the abundance of radioisotopes gors DOWN.

Question 38

Glycogen

Answer 38

Energy storage molecule made by animals that contains alpha glycosidic linkages

Question 39

Buffer

Answer 39

A compound that prevents a rapid change in pH

Question 40

Beta radiation

Answer 40

An electron jettisoned from the nucleus when a proton decomposes.

Question 41

Binds to intermediate filaments inside the cell

Answer 41

Desmosome

Question 42

Desmosome

Answer 42

Connection between two cells using cadherins proteins

Question 43

Integrin proteins

Answer 43

Connect cells to the basal laminate outside the cell and to microfilaments inside the cell

Question 44

Actin filament

Answer 44

another name for a microfilament

Question 45

Binds to actin filaments inside the cell

Answer 45

Adherins Junction

Question 46

Hemidesmosomes

Answer 46

Connect cells to the basal lamina outside the cell and intermediate filaments inside the cell

Question 47

Carbohydrate

Answer 47

Made up of sugar monomers

Question 48

Peptide Bond

Answer 48

A kind of covalent bond found in proteins

Question 49

Nucleic acid that contains a 2' OH

Answer 49

RNA

Question 50

Unsaturated Fat

Answer 50

Has at least one C=C in a fatty acid

Question 51

Hypotonic solution

Answer 51

Solute more concentrated inside the cell than outside the cell

Question 52

Phosphodiester Bond

Answer 52

A kind of covalent bond found in DNA or RNA

Question 53

Citric Acid Cycle

Answer 53

Only happens inside the mitochondria

Question 54

Condenses into chromatin in the nucleus of the cell

Answer 54

DNA

Question 55

Glycolysis

Answer 55

Happens in the cytoplasm

Question 56

Isotonic solution

Answer 56

Same concentration of solute inside and outside the cell

Question 57

Breaks glucose into 2 pyruvate molecules

Answer 57

glycolysis

Question 58

Biomolecule that contains N and P

Answer 58

DNA or RNA

Question 59

Breaks down pyruvate into CO2 and makes the electron shuttle NADH and FADH2

Answer 59

Citric Acid Cycle

Question 60

Turgid

Answer 60

Plant cells in a hypotonic solution

Question 61

Quaternary Protein Structure

Answer 61

Two or more proteins chains attached to each other (e.g> hemoglobin in red blood cells)