Exam 1 Flashcards
(41 cards)
Types of Animal-Related Research
-To improve the species/breed
-To better understand a biological process or the effects of the environment on that process
-To study disease in humans or other species
-To test products or pharmaceuticals
Why use animals in research?
- Improvement of a species/breed
- Similarities between biological processes in the species being studied and the species of interest
- Cost
- Time
- Preservation of human life
Principal Investigator (P.I.)
Scientist who develops a research idea and formulates the research plan.
Typically need a PhD or DVM
Responsible for obtaining funding and reporting/publishing findings
Cannot perform research in most settings without a PI
Co-Investigators and Research Technicians
Individuals who preform the protocols required of the project
Education requirements vary greatly
Tasks may include collecting data, running essays, and analyzing data.
Laboratory Animal Science
The science and technology dealing with the procurement, breeding, care, health, and selection of animals used in research.
Laboratory Animal Veterinarian
Coordinates all animal care
Advises investigators on proper animal use
Laboratory Animal Technicians
Perform animal care functions
Education requirements vary - but specific certifications are required
Try to minimize the amount of variance in the animal’s environment
Cleaning, feeding, bedding, light, noise
Responsible for recognizing when animals need care
Assistant laboratory technicians
Typically entry level
Must understand moral and ethical aspects of caring for animals
Must have a strong working knowledge of regulations related to animal research
Tasks Include:
Routine husbandry
Sanitation/Sterilization of equipment
Log environmental factors
Identify the sex of animals
Animal identification
Animal Model
a living organism in which normative biology or behavior can be studied, or in which a spontaneous or induced pathological process can be investigated, and in which the phenomenon in one or more respects resembles the same phenomenon in humans or other species of animal
Simply Stated:
Animal Model – the animals used in research
* Different types of research exists – different end goals
* Different types of animal models exists – used for different purposes
What makes a good animal model?
- Should closely reproduce the disease or condition
- Easily available to researchers
- Large enough for biological sampling
- Must fit into available facilities
- Can be easily handled
- Must survive long enough for results to be meaningful
- Should be sufficiently robust for the purpose of the study
Spontaneous Animal Models
Animals that naturally acquire a disease or injury similar to the human condition
Genetic Manipulation Animal Models
the use of tools of modern biotechnology and molecular biology to specifically introduce or alter characteristics or trains in organisms
Knock-out mouse
laboratory mouse in
which researchers have
inactivated, or “knocked
out,” an existing gene by
replacing it or disrupting
it with an artificial piece
of DNA.
knock-in mouse
laboratory mouse in
which researchers have
either substituted a piece
of DNA or inserted a
DNA sequence that is
not naturally occurring in
the genome of the host
animal
Surgical Manipulation - Animal Models
animal models are created by
performing surgery on the animal to obstruct, remove, or
transplant an organ, either partially or wholly
Chemical Manipulation - Animal Models
a specific physiologic function of an
animal is impaired through the administration of a chemical
3 major groups of NHPs
Prosimians
New World Monkeys
Old World Monkeys
Prosimians
NOT used in biomedical research
Ex. Lemurs, Lorises, and Tarsiers
Considered to have characteristics more primitive
Do not have single offspring
Some species brains are very small
Old World Monkeys
From Africa and Asia
Do NOT have prehensile tails
Rhesus Macaques
Macaca Mulatta
Old world
Used in biomedical research
Cynomolgus Macaques
Macaca fasicularis
aka crab eating macaque
Old world
Used in biomedical research
Stump-tail Macaques
Macaca Arctoides
Old world
Used in biomedical research
Baboons - Olive baboon
Papio Anubis
Old world
Used in biomedical research
Chimpanzee
Old world
NOT used in biomedical research
