Exam 1 Flashcards
(75 cards)
1
Q
30% of adults will..
A
suffer from a mental disorder in their lifetime
2
Q
20% of adolescents will…
A
Suffer from a mental disorder
3
Q
In nonwestern culture, the concept of depression is
A
soul loss
4
Q
In hispanic culture anxiety is
A
an attack of the nerves
5
Q
Among native americans
A
hearing voices of recently deceased is normal
6
Q
Aborigional australians believe
A
halluciantions are normal
7
Q
Abraham Lincoln
A
had depression
8
Q
Ernest Hemingway
A
Had alcoholism that led to depression
9
Q
what 2 mental disorders show up throughout history
A
depression and schizophrenia
10
Q
Asian Americans tend to
A
Be the least likely to seek out and finish therapy
11
Q
Control (in therapy)
A
to modify or change
12
Q
Psychosis
A
madness
13
Q
reactions to black and white cards
A
depression
14
Q
reactions to red cards
A
anxiety or anger
15
Q
african americans typically labeled as
A
schizophrenia or substance abuse disorder
16
Q
Hispanics typically labeled as schizophrenic but it should be
A
cognitive impairment
17
Q
asian americans complain about
A
Physical symptoms of disorder
18
Q
DSM 5 Integrated definition of abnormality
A
Normality and abnormality defined from 3 vantage points: that of society, that of the individual, and that of the mental health professional
19
Q
DSM 5 bio/psyco/social definition of abnormality
A
- involves a significant disturbance in thinking, emotional regulation, or behavior caused by a disfunction in the basic psychological, biological, or developmental processes involved in normal development
- causes significant distress of difficulty with day to day functioning
- is not merely a culturally expected response to common stressors or losses or a reflection of political or religious beliefs that conflict with societal norms
20
Q
Deviance
A
extremely unusual or bazzare behavior
21
Q
Distress
A
physical and psychological discomfort
individuals tend to be defined as abnormal when behavior, thoughts, and feelings cause distress
22
Q
Disfunction
A
breakdown in cognitive emotional or behavioral function
person unable to function personally, socially, or occupationally
23
Q
Faulty perception of reality
A
having hallucinations of delusions
distorted view of reality
24
Q
Delusion
A
persistent false beliefs that are steadfastly held by an individual despite evidence the beliefs are incorrect or exaggerated reality
25
Why don't we use "mental illness"
lacks clear definition
use "mental disorder" instead
26
Mental Status exam
based on observation of clients behavior and self preservation and response to questions that probe various aspects of cognitive functioning
may vary from clinician to clinician
27
Appearance
appearance of client in mental status exam
28
behavioral observation
verbal and nonverbal behaviors
body movement posture, facial expressions
29
Orientation
does client show lapse in orientation (where we are, who they are, etc.)
30
Memory
can client recall recent events
31
Sensorium
individuals entire sensory apparatus
clients focusing of attention, capacity for concentration, awareness of the world
32
Perceptual processes
process by which people interpret the information provided by the sense
33
mood
prevailing emotions displayed (sadness, anxiety, anger, etc)
34
affect
emotions or feelings the client attaches to objects or ideas
35
intelligence
intellectual functioning based on speech, expression of ideas, level of sophistication, socioeconomic status
36
Thought Processes
form and content of thought
logical and coherent?
37
Insight
do they recognize a problems
38
Judgement
approached thoughtfully and rationally or impulsively?
39
Subjective Discomfort Criteria (6 D's of diagnosis)
1. psychological distress
2. psychological disfunctional behavior (disability)
3. deviance
4. danger to oneself or others
5. disordered
6. social discomfort
40
Van Goh
- orignally diagnosed as schizophrenic
- gerschwinds syndrome (interictal personality disorder)
- Menieres syndrome (fluid in ear)
41
Medical Student Disease model
-learning about disorders can make you believe you have one
- influenced by: universality of human experience, tendency to compare our own functioning to other people's functioning
42
etiology
causation
43
comorbidity
- the co-occurence of two or more disorders within one person at the same time
- 2/3 develop anxiety then depression
- suffer from two by chance
- one disorder leads to another
- two disorders stem from common cause
- existence of one disorder may make treatment more or less difficult
44
Problems with DSM 3
needed to improve reliability and accuracy of personality disorders
45
Advantages of DSM 5
- based upon empirical findings
- specific diagnostic criteria
- clinicians should come up with same diagnosis
- does not subscribe to single theory of abnormailty
- increased awareness of importance of accurate diagnosis
46
Disadvantages of DSM 5
- shows little consideration for etiology
- not completely atheoretical (personal/cultural assumptions)
- relies on medical model (biological causation)
47
Why don't we use multi-axis system
- clinicians wanted specific diagnosis-based system
- distinctions between axis I and II never clearly justified
- subject of opinion for global assessment of functioning
48
Cultural Relativism
- no universal standards for labeling behavior as abnormal
- different cultures have different definitions of abnormality
49
Why do women suffer more than men?
- women more likely to be diagnosed with anxiety or depression
- women internalize problems more
- more stressful life events before onset of disorder
50
Reliability
consistency
diagnostic agreement among clinicians
51
Validity
accuracy of the diagnosis
52
concurent validity
whats going on now
53
predicted validity
course of the disorder
54
incidence
how many new cases occur during a given period of time
55
prevalence
number of people in population as a whole with the disorder
56
presenting problems
the reason someone seeks out treatment
57
Clinical Psychology
discipline concerned with the study, assessment, treatment, and prevention of abnormal behavior
58
Goals of clinical psychology
describe, predict, explain, control abnormal behavior
59
Thomas Szaz
myth of mental illness
- deviations that society call abnormal are simply problems in living not signs of abnormality
- the concept of mental illness is dangerous and was invented by psychiatrists to justify their power and control
- throughout history society labels groups and individuals as abnormal to justify their removal from society
- to label an individual as "sick" deprives people of responsibility for their behavior
- labeling a patient with a diagnosis of a mental disorder leads to the self fulfilling prophecy
60
Drapetomania
psychological disorder that caused enslaved people to try to escape
61
Structured Interview
primary means of obtaining clinical and useful information
standardized
62
Unstructured Interview
clinician decides what question to ask, typical intake interview, clinician gets to know person, open ended questions
63
Bender Gestalt
Used to assess organic impairment/ brain damage
- Client must copy geometric figures to assess for brain damage and then copy from memory to see if memory has been impaired
64
Neurotransmitters- dopamine
schizophrenia
65
neurotransmitters- seratonin
depression
66
John Exner Jr
Rorschach comprehensive scoring
most commonly taught administrative and scoring procedure
pros: reveals information that other measures do not obtain, important to decision making
Cons: reliability, adequacy of normative data, validity of score
67
Cultural Universality
a fixed set of mental disorders exist that cause symptoms that are the same in all cultures and societies
- depression
-schizophrenia
68
inpatient care dropped from..
77% to 6%
69
outpatient care rose to
23% to 94%
70
number of people in hospitals in 1950-2010
500,000 in 1950 to 100,000 in 2010
71
why is it important for clinicians to consider cultural factors when diagnosing
must:
- increase cultural sensitivity
- show respect
- prevent cultural factors that may play a role in the disorder
- understand that different nationalities experience mental disorders in different ways
72
Psychological assessment
a collection, organization, and interpretation of information about a person and their current symptoms and possible causes
73
goals of psych assesment
- provide description, accurate portrait of person (personality, cognitive functions, mood, behavior)
- description needed to determine the diagnosis for the persons problem, understand the causes and treatment, and predict the future course of the disorder
74
Subjective discomfort criteria
what is disturbing to one person about another person may not be disturbing to that person
75
elements of psychological disorder
- impairment or distress
- psychological disfunction
- statistically unusual cultural considerations
